节水灌溉措施下中国稻田CH_(4)排放因子的计量与评价  

Quantification and Evaluation of CH_(4)Emission Factors of Paddy Fields in China under Water-Saving Irrigation Practices

作　　者：曾远 李泽楷 陈苏娟 黄言秋 熊丽 刘笑吟[2] 陈梅 李海东 张龙江 孙建飞 ZENG Yuan;LI Ze-kai;CHEN Su-juan;HUANG Yan-qiu;XIONG Li;LIU Xiao-yin;CHEN Mei;LI Hai-dong;ZHANG Long-jiang;SUN Jian-fei(Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China;College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer&Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [2]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏南京211100 [3]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2025年第2期196-204,共9页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42407658);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(GYZX240410)。

摘　　要：稻田是重要的CH_(4)排放源,开发适用于不同节水灌溉措施下的中国稻田CH_(4)排放因子,对于制定有效的稻田减排策略至关重要。通过文献搜集156对稻田CH_(4)观测值和111对水稻产量数据,采用2种排放因子法量化了不同节水灌溉措施、水稻类型、肥料类型对稻田CH_(4)排放的影响,同时通过模型评价指标验证了方法的准确性。结果显示,均值法(M1)和基于经验模型的回归系数法(M2)均能较好地模拟节水灌溉措施下稻田CH_(4)排放,其中M1的各项性能评价指标均优于M2,其验证数据R 2在0.74~0.95之间,模型效率为0.63~0.95。基于最优性能的排放因子法M1,研究发现控灌(CI)具有最高的稻田CH_(4)减排潜力,其无量纲排放因子在0.11~0.59之间,高于干湿交替(AWD,0.41~0.84)和其他节水灌溉措施(0.39~0.75)。考虑到节水灌溉措施对水稻产量的影响,实施CI可能使水稻产量损失高达18.8%~44.7%,而AWD和间歇灌溉(Ⅱ)则可能实现水稻增产(-0.76%~9.82%)。研究结果强调了区分常规水分管理方式对于评估节水灌溉措施适宜性的重要性。未来应以城镇或国家农业科技园区为中心,发展因地制宜的节水灌溉技术,以实现稻田增产与减排的双赢目标。Paddy field is an important source of CH_(4)emissions,and developing CH_(4)emission factors tailored to different water-saving irrigation practices of paddy fields in China is crucial for formulating effective mitigation strategies.Based on a literature review,this study established a dataset comprising 156 pairs of CH_(4)observations and 111 pairs of rice yield data.Two emission factor methods were employed to quantify the effects of different water-saving irrigation practices,rice cultivation patterns,and fertilizer types on CH_(4)emissions,and the accuracy of these methods was validated using model evaluation metrics.The results indicate that both the mean method(M1)and the regression coefficient method based on empirical models(M2)successfully simulated CH_(4)emissions under various water-saving irrigation practices.However,M1 outperformed M2 in all performance metrics,with R 2 values ranging from 0.74 to 0.95 and model efficiency(ME)varying between 0.63 and 0.95.Based on the best-performing emission factor method(M1),this study found that controlled irrigation(CI)exhibited the highest potential for CH_(4)reduction in paddy fields,and the dimensionless emission factors of CI ranged from 0.11 to 0.59,surpassing those of alternate wetting and drying(AWD,from 0.41 to 0.84)and other water-saving irrigation practices(0.39 to 0.75).Considering the impact of water-saving irrigation practices on rice yields,implementing CI could result in yield losses between 18.8%and 44.7%,whereas AWD and intermittent irrigation(Ⅱ)may lead to yield increases(from-0.76%to 9.82%).These findings underscore the importance of differentiating water regimes in evaluating the suitability of water-saving irrigation practices.Looking ahead,efforts should focus on developing region-specific water-saving irrigation technologies in urban areas or national agricultural science and technology parks,with large-scale demonstration and promotion to achieve the dual goals of increasing rice yields and reducing CH_(4)emissions in paddy fields.

关 键 词：稻田 节水灌溉 甲烷 产量 排放因子 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]