6种植物精油对粉尘螨体外杀灭活性的研究  

Killing activity of 6 plant essential oils against Dermatophagoides farinae in vitro

作　　者：李麟豪 曹佳诚 夏钰婷 王婧璇 陶畅 吴宇炀 湛孝东[1,2] LI Linhao;CAO Jiacheng;XIA Yuting;WANG Jingxuan;TAO Chang;WU Yuyang;ZHAN Xiaodong(Department of Parasitology,Wannan Medical College,Wuhu 241002,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]皖南医学院医学寄生虫学教研室,安徽芜湖241002 [2]芜湖市螨类检验与防控工程技术研究中心,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《皖南医学院学报》2025年第1期81-84,共4页Journal of Wannan Medical College

基　　金：安徽高校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2019A0403)。

摘　　要：目的:分析并测定从6种中药材植物中提取的精油对粉尘螨的触杀活性,为新型植物源杀螨剂的开发提供思路和理论依据。方法:每种植物精油分别配制6个浓度梯度的精油试液,采用直接接触法测定6种植物精油不同浓度下对粉尘螨的触杀活性。结果:在精油浓度为25 mg/mL时,山鸡椒、姜黄、地构叶的24 h校正死亡率分别为100.00%、100.00%、97.32%;在精油浓度为15 mg/mL时,山鸡椒、姜黄、地构叶的24 h校正死亡率分别可以达到100.00%、75.38%、82.11%;在精油浓度为10 mg/mL时,甜杏仁、苦楝、葡萄籽的24 h校正死亡率分别为3.10%、3.74%、5.17%;山鸡椒、姜黄、地构叶的LC 50分别为2.811、8.571、2.591 mg/mL;按照触杀活性进行系统聚类分析,可将6种植物精油分为3类:第一类为山鸡椒,第二类为地构叶和姜黄,第三类为苦楝、甜杏仁和葡萄籽。结论:山鸡椒、姜黄、地构叶精油具有良好的杀螨效果,可为新型植物源杀螨剂的研究开发提供理论依据。Objective:To analyze and determine the contact activity of essential oils extracted from six Chinese herbal plants against Dermatophagoides farina for the ideas and theoretical basis to develop a new plant-derived acaricides.Methods:Six concentration gradients of essential oil test solution were prepared for each plant essential oil,and the direct contact method was used to determine the contact killing activity of six plant essential oils at different concentrations against Dermatophagoides farinae.Results:By the concentration of essential oil being 25 mg/mL,the corrected mortality rates were 100.00%,100.00%and 97.32%,respectively for Litsea cubeba,Curcuma longa L.,and Speranskia tuberculate in 24 hours,and 100.00%,75.38%and 82.11%in 24 hours,respectively upon the concentration being 15 mg/mL.When the concentration was 10 mg/mL,the corrected mortality rates were 3.10%,3.74%and 5.17%,respectively for Amygdalus Communis Vas.,Melia azedarach L.,and Vitis vinifera L.in 24 hours.The LC 50 values of Litsea cubeba,Curcuma longa L.,and Speranskia tuberculata were 2.811,8.571 and 2.591 mg/mL,respectively.According to the systematic cluster analysis of contact activity,six plant essential oils could be divided into three categories,i.e.,the first type,Litsea cubeba;the second,Speranskia tuberculata and Curcuma longa L.;and the third,Melia azedarach L.,Amygdalus Communis Vas.and Vitis vinifera L..Conclusion:The essential oils of Litsea cubeba,Curcuma longa L.,and Speranskia tuberculata may produce better acaricidal effects,which can be a theoretical basis for following research and development of a new plant-derived acaricides.

关 键 词：粉尘螨 触杀活性 杀螨剂 植物 

分 类 号：R285[医药卫生—中药学] R384.4[医药卫生—中医学]