水下图像复原和增强方法研究进展  

Research progress of underwater image restoration and enhancement methods

作　　者：周玲 刘庆敏 金凯杰 赵文义 张卫东 Zhou Ling;Liu Qingmin;Jin Kaijie;Zhao Wenyi;Zhang Weidong(School of Information Engineering,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China;Institute of Computer Applications,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China;School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院信息工程学院,新乡453003 [2]河南科技学院计算机应用研究所,新乡453003 [3]北京邮电大学人工智能学院,北京100876

出　　处：《中国图象图形学报》2025年第1期51-65,共15页Journal of Image and Graphics

基　　金：河南省重点研发与推广专项科技攻关项目(242102210075);河南省教师教育课程改革研究项目(2024-JSJYYB-099);河南省科技研发计划联合基金青年科学家项目(235200810066);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2024M750747)。

摘　　要：自2012年中国提出海洋强国战略以来,水下图像清晰化已成为机器视觉领域的研究热点和挑战。与陆地良好环境中拍摄的图像不同,光在水下传播时受水下介质吸收和散射影响,导致水下图像存在颜色失真、细节模糊、低对比度、亮度不均等问题。低质量水下图像使得水下机器视觉感知面临看不清的挑战,因此研究有效的水下图像增强方法是当前水下视觉领域亟待解决的重要问题。本文在广泛调研的基础上梳理了水下图像质量提升的方法,主要包括图像复原和图像增强两大类。随后,深入讨论了代表性方法,并通过定性和定量评估分析,详细探讨了这些方法的优势和局限性。此外,全面概述了水下图像质量退化问题、提升方法、数据集及评估指标,分析了其在不同场景下的性能,提供了全面的水下图像清晰化方法研究现状。最后,根据水下图像增强和复原方法的难点与目前面临的主要问题对研究方向和发展趋势进行了归纳和展望。这一综合性研究为未来相关领域的研究和实践提供了建议。Since the inception of the marine power strategy,there has been an increasing focus on an investigation into the quality of underwater images in the marine environment.However,unlike images captured in favorable terrestrial condi⁃tions,light propagation underwater is influenced by the absorption and scattering of the underwater medium.Light absorp⁃tion can result in color distortion,reduced contrast,and diminished brightness in underwater images,while light scattering may cause haziness,loss of details,and noise amplification.The challenge posed by low-quality underwater images hin⁃ders effective machine vision in underwater environments.Therefore,researching effective methods for enhancing underwa⁃ter machine vision has become a critical issue in the current field of underwater vision.This topic holds significant theoreti⁃cal and practical significance for strengthening marine technological capabilities and promoting the sustained and healthy development of the marine economy.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of existing underwater image clarifica⁃tion methods,highlighting the strengths and disadvantages of each approach.For instance,image restoration based on methods relies on prior assumptions,but an excess of prior knowledge can result in difficulties with multi-parameter optimi⁃zation and sensitivity to robustness.Meanwhile,image enhancement based on methods only considers the pixel information of the image and does not consider the imaging model,thereby risking noise amplification and local over-enhancement.Consequently,designing simple yet effective methods for underwater image clarification is crucial for improving the quality of underwater images.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of methods to enhance the quality of underwater images through an extensive exploration of image restoration and image enhancement techniques.It concludes with a sum⁃mary of the methods and their merits and demerits.With regard to image restoration,the methods are categorized into four types

关 键 词：水下图像质量退化 光的散射与吸收 水下图像清晰化 水下图像质量评估 

分 类 号：TN911.73[电子电信—通信与信息系统]