冷冻胚胎返还纠纷的司法对策及规范塑造  

Study on judicial countermeasure and normative shaping of frozen embryo return disputes

作　　者：汪丽青 WANG Liqing(Law School,Shandong Technology and Business University,Yantai 264005,China)

机构地区：[1]山东工商学院法学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《南京医科大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期48-52,共5页Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“人体胚胎医学运用的法律规制研究”(22BFX157)。

摘　　要：2014年以来,冷冻胚胎返还纠纷逐渐进入司法机关和公众视野。面对此类存在法律漏洞的新型案件,大多数法院支持了原告的诉请,但裁判策略不尽相同。现今,司法对策面临冷冻胚胎的法律性质与权利归属认定不一致、适用的法律规则不统一、司法裁判说理缺乏逻辑自洽等司法困境。文章建议对冷冻胚胎返还纠纷进行规范塑造,统一冷冻胚胎的法律地位及权利归属的界定规则,确立“不返还为原则、有条件返还为例外”的规则,并由具有资质的辅助生殖机构直接受领冷冻胚胎。Since 2014,disputes over the return of frozen embryos have gradually drawn attention from the judicial authorities and the public.Faced with this new type of case with legal loopholes,most courts supported the plaintiffs’claims but with different adjudication strategies.Currently,judicial countermeasures face judicial difficulties such as the inconsistency between the legal nature and ownership rights of frozen embryos,the lack of uniformity in applicable legal rules,and judicial reasoning that lacks of logic self-consistency.We suggest normative shaping of the disputes over the return of frozen embryos and unify the legal status of frozen embryos and the defining rules of ownership rights.Establishing the rule of“non-return as the principle,conditional return as an exception”,with qualified assisted reproductive institutions directly receiving the frozen embryos.

关 键 词：冷冻胚胎 返还纠纷 司法困境 规范塑造 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] R-052[政治法律—法学]