一种自动气象站小时降水数据非实时质量控制方法及应用  

A non-real-time quality control method for hourly precipitation data from automatic weather stations and its application

作　　者：闫荞荞[1] 王必强 刘园园[1] 严婧[1,4] 李波 杨宏谦[1] 刘莹 YAN Qiaoqiao;WANG Biqiang;LIU Yuanyuan;YAN Jing;LI Bo;YANG Hongqian;LIU Ying(Hubei Meteorological Information and Technological Support Center,Wuhan 430074;Meteorological Service Center of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430070;China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443002;National Climate Observatory of Three Gorges,Yichang 443199)

机构地区：[1]湖北省气象信息与技术保障中心,武汉430074 [2]湖北省气象服务中心,武汉430070 [3]中国长江电力股份有限公司,宜昌443002 [4]三峡国家气候观象台,宜昌443199

出　　处：《暴雨灾害》2025年第1期102-111,共10页Torrential Rain and Disasters

基　　金：长江流域开放基金项目(CJLY2022Y08);湖北省气象局科技发展基金项目(2022Z05-01);武汉城市圈气象联合科技创新基金项目(WHCSQZ202308);中国长江电力股份有限公司科研项目(Z242302005)。

摘　　要：为分类检测隐藏较深的降水质量异常数据,定义了非实时降水质量异常事件,基于Madsen-Allerupt方法和百分位数法设计了一种自动气象站小时降水数据非实时质量控制方法,基于该方法对湖北省2481个区域自动气象站2005—2022年经实时质量控制的小时降水数据做进一步的非实时质量控制,制作了小时降水质控数据集,并初步做了应用评估。结果表明:(1)设计的方法能够有效实现隐藏较深降水质量异常数据的分类检测,降水量持续偏小占比为87.9%,降水时数异常占比为8.7%,降水量持续偏大占比为3.4%。(2)质量异常数据的总量逐年趋于减少,空间分布无明显差异,时间上4—10月质量异常事件总量低于其他月份,冬季占比最高为36.7%,夏季最低为13.1%。(3)湖北省降水数据的质量建站初期整体欠佳,从2008年开始稳步提升,2008—2022年年数据可用率平均为95.6%,年内4—10月的数据平均可用率为97.8%,高于其它月份的92.6%。In order to detect the deeply hidden precipitation quality anomaly data,the non-real-time precipitation quality anomaly events are defined,and a non-real-time quality control method for hourly precipitation data from automatic weather stations is proposed by combining Madsen-Allerupt and percentile method.The hourly precipitation data from 2841 regional automatic weather stations in Hubei Province during 2005 to 2022 are further quality-controlled by the proposed method and the hourly precipitation quality-controlled dataset is produced.The results are as follows.(1)The designed method can effectively classify and detect the deeply hidden quality anomaly data.The continuous low precipitation events account for 87.9%,precipitation hours anomaly events account for 8.7%and continuous high precipitation events account for 3.4%.(2)The total amount of quality anomaly data tends to decrease year by year,and there is no obvious differences in the spatial distribution.The total amount of quality anomaly events from April to October is lower than that in other months with the highest proportion of 36.7%in winter and the lowest of 13.1%in summer.(3)The quality of precipitation data in Hubei Province is generally poor at the beginning of the construction of the station.Since 2008,it has been steadily improved.The average annual data availability ratio from 2008 to 2022 is 95.6%,and the average data availability ratio from April to October of the year is 97.8%,which is higher than 92.6%in other months.

关 键 词：降水 质量控制 Madsen-Allerupt方法 百分位法 降水数据集 

分 类 号：P413.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]