透气性对盘帆伞充气性能和气动特性的影响  

Influence of air permeability on inflation process and aerodynamic characteristics of disksail parachutes

作　　者：邹天琪 薛晓鹏 赵党军 杨德贵 梁步阁[1,2] ZOU Tianqi;XUE Xiaopeng;ZHAO Dangjun;YANG Degui;LIANG Buge(School of Automation,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Intelligent Measurement and Control,Changsha 410083,China;Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学自动化学院,长沙410083 [2]光电智能测控湖南省重点实验室,长沙410083 [3]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航空学报》2025年第1期55-70,共16页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12072377);湖南省自然科学基金(2022JJ30678);航天进入减速与着陆技术实验室开放基金(EDL19092309)。

摘　　要：超声速降落伞是火星探测器成功实现软着陆的关键技术之一,然而,目前火星探测在着陆任务采用的主流伞型-盘缝带伞已达该类伞型减速能力的尺寸极限。为了应对未来更重载荷的火星探测任务,NASA已针对超声速盘帆伞开展了专项研究。但盘帆伞飞行试验均以失败告终,造成这一结果的原因很可能与伞衣的透气性(织物透气性和结构透气性)有关。采用流固耦合方法针对超声速盘帆伞设计不同的组合透气性方案,对比分析在总孔隙率相同的前提下盘帆伞衣采取不同的结构/织物分配比例对降落伞开伞过程中流场结构及气动特性的影响规律,并研究其作用机理。同时,设计了与G5F5、G7F3这2种伞衣结构孔隙率相同的盘缝带伞伞衣进行开伞特性对比分析。结果表明:对于总孔隙率12%的超声速盘帆伞,结构透气性与织物透气性的贡献比为5∶5时,降落伞前的脱体激波波动幅度较小,降落伞的稳定性能相较其他组合透气性有明显优势,同时在结构和织物透气性的共同作用下,充气时间最长;结构透气性与织物透气性的贡献比为7∶3时的阻力性能最佳,随着织物透气性的贡献由30%提高至70%,盘帆伞的阻力性能呈现下降趋势;结构透气性与织物透气性的贡献比为6∶4时的摆动角度最大,稳定性最差。另外,通过对比盘帆伞与盘缝带伞开伞过程发现:盘缝带伞呈现常见的“灯泡式”充气顺序,而盘帆伞则展现出一种“伞带式”充气顺序,即气流首先从伞带处开始充气,随后逐渐扩散至整个伞面。该研究结果可为新一代火星降落伞的设计提供一定的理论参考。The supersonic parachute is one of the key parts of successful soft landing of the Mars probe;however,the mainstream parachute type used in the landing mission of Mars exploration,the disk-gap-band parachute,has reached the size limit of the deceleration capacity of this type of parachute.Due to the requirement of the heavier pay⁃load of Mars exploration missions in the future,NASA has carried out special research on supersonic disksail para⁃chutes.However,all the flying tests of disksail parachute have failed,and the reason is probably related to the air per⁃meability of the parachute(fabric permeability and geometric porosity).In this paper,the fluid-structure interaction method is used to design different combination schemes of air permeability of the supersonic disksail parachute.The influence mechanism of different geometric porosity/fabric permeability distribution ratios on the flow field structure and aerodynamic characteristics in the process of parachute opening is analyzed under the premise of the same total po⁃rosity.In addition,a disk-gap-band parachute with the same porosity as that of the G5F5 and G7F3 disksail models are designed,and its opening characteristics are analyzed.The results show that for the supersonic disksail parachute with a total porosity of 12%,when the contribution ratio of geometric porosity/fabric permeability is 5∶5,the fluctuation amplitude of the bow shock ahead of the canopy is small,the stability performance of the parachute has obvious ad⁃vantages over that of the parachute with the air permeability of other combinations,and the inflating time is the longest under the joint action of geometric porosity and fabric permeability;when the contribution ratio of geometric porosity/fabric permeability is 7∶3,the drag performance of the parachute is the best,and the drag performance of the disksail parachute shows a downward trend as the contribution of fabric permeability increases from 30%to 70%;when the contribution ratio of geometric porosity/fabric permeability

关 键 词：火星降落伞 结构/织物透气性 充气性能 流固耦合 气动特性 

分 类 号：V411.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]