空间环境对高性能纤维力学性能及结构的影响  

Influence of space environment on mechanical properties and structure of high-performance fibres

作　　者：裴诗祺 蒋金华[1,2] 陈南梁[1,2] 王凯[1,2] PEI Shiqi;JIANG Jinhua;CHEN Nanliang;WANG Kai(Engineering Research Center of Technical Textile,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201620,China;College of Textiles,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]产业用纺织品教育部工程研究中心,上海201620 [2]东华大学纺织学院,上海201620

出　　处：《航空学报》2025年第1期152-163,共12页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2232023G-06);中国航天科技集团有限公司第八研究院产学研合作基金(SAST2022-026)。

摘　　要：增阻球离轨是一种处理低地球轨道(LEO)空间碎片问题的有效手段,采用高性能纤维一体化织造工艺制作增阻离轨球能够有效改善拼接结构的曲面不规整问题。在离轨周期中,高性能纤维材料将长期受到低地球轨道中高低温交变、原子氧(AO)辐照等环境因素的影响。为探究LEO环境中高低温交变和原子氧辐照两种主要的空间环境因素对高性能纤维结构和性能的影响,选择空间环境适应性好的纤维进行织造,测试研究了聚酰亚胺纤维、聚芳酯纤维Vectran、聚芳酯纤维Yokolar 3种有机高性能纤维经过高低温交变处理和原子氧辐照处理的力学性能、表面形貌及化学结构变化。高低温交变处理后3种纤维强力降低,但强力保持率均高于70%;纤维表面观察到轻微的颗粒、沟槽等缺陷;红外光谱特征峰形状无明显变化,化学结构基本稳定。原子氧辐照后3种纤维的力学性能损失幅度均高于40%,且发黏变硬、柔性变差;聚酰亚胺纤维表面存在大量凹凸起伏和粗细不匀且有明显的侵蚀孔洞,在两种聚芳酯纤维表面观察到原纤化劈裂和剥离;处理后纤维的红外光谱中出现新的特征峰,部分原有特征峰强度减弱或消失,3种纤维的化学结构均被破坏。3种高性能纤维均具有较好的耐高低温性能,但原子氧辐照对3种纤维的结构和性能均造成了严重破坏,需要进一步探究高性能纤维原子氧防护的处理方法。The drag ball de-orbiting method is an effective solution to the problem of space debris in Low-Earth Orbit(LEO).Utilizing a high-performance fiber integrated weaving process to produce drag ball de-orbiting structures can effectively improve the curved surface irregularities of the spliced structure.During the de-orbiting cycle,the highperformance fiber material will be exposed to environmental factors such as high/low temperature alternating and Atomic Oxygen(AO)irradiation in LEO for extended periods.To investigate the effects of these two major space envi⁃ronment factors,high/low temperature alternating and atomic oxygen irradiation,on the structure and performance of high-performance fibers in the LEO environment,fibers with good adaptability to the space environment were selected for weaving.The mechanical properties,surface morphology,and chemical properties of three types of organic highperformance fibers,namely polyimide fiber,polyarylate fiber Vectran,and polyarylate fiber Yokolar,were tested and analyzed after undergoing high/low temperature alternating treatment and atomic oxygen irradiation treatment.The re⁃sults showed that the strength of all three types of fibers decreased after the high/low temperature alternating treat⁃ment,but the strength retention rate remained higher than 70%.Minor defects such as particles and grooves were ob⁃served on the surface of the fibers;however,there was no significant change in the characteristic peaks of infrared spectra,indicating that the chemical structure was largely stable.In contrast,the mechanical properties of all the three types of fibers experienced more than 40%loss after atomic oxygen irradiation,leading to increased hardness and re⁃duced flexibility.The polyimide fiber surface exhibited numerous concave and convex undulations,uneven thickness,and noticeable erosion holes.The surfaces of the two types of polyaramid fibers showed original fibrillated cleavage and stripping.New characteristic peaks appeared in the fiber infrared spectroscopy af

关 键 词：高性能纤维 高低温交变 原子氧 力学性能 聚酰亚胺 聚芳酯 

分 类 号：V45[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB332