阿鲁科尔沁旗南部夏季鸟类群落多样性及年际动态  

Community diversity and interannual dynamics of summer birds in southern Ar Horqin Banner

作　　者：乌义罕 红梅 宝金财 赵格日乐图 Wuyihan;Hongmei;BAO Jincai;ZHAO Gerelt(Collage of Life Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022;Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Mongolian Plateau for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot O10022,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010022 [2]内蒙古自治区高等学校蒙古高原生物多样性保护与可持续利用重点实验室,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2025年第1期181-188,共8页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：生态环境部鸟类多样性监测项目(Y453091001);国家自然科学基金项目(31460106);内蒙古师范大学基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2022JBTD010)资助。

摘　　要：为掌握阿鲁科尔沁旗南部不同生境夏季鸟类分布特点、群落多样性及年际动态变化规律,2014-2023年6月和7月份,采用样线法对阿鲁科尔沁旗南部湿地、草原和林地3种生境夏季鸟类种类、数量和分布进行了实地调查。结果共记录到鸟类116种,隶属于18目39科,包括非雀形目鸟类17目23科82种,雀形目鸟类16科34种。夏候鸟73种,留鸟27种,旅鸟16种。生态类群以鸣禽、涉禽和游禽为主。国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类3种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类17种。3种生境中分布的鸟类种数由多到少依次为湿地(99种)、草原(34种)、林地(32种)。鸟类群落多样性相关指数在年际间出现非周期性波动,其中湿地和草原生境鸟类群落的丰富度、均匀度和多样性指数在8年间总体呈上升趋势,而林地生境基本处于平稳状态。湿地生境中除了繁殖鸟外也有部分旅鸟,而草原和林地生境分布的均为繁殖鸟。繁殖鸟中夏候鸟种数远高于留鸟,夏候鸟的年际波动也大于留鸟,说明夏候鸟在阿鲁科尔沁旗南部夏季鸟类群落中占据着重要地位。3种生境鸟类群落Pielou均匀度指数(J)差异不显著(P>0.05);湿地生境Patrick丰富度(R)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)显著高于草原和林地生境(P<0.05),而Simpson优势度指数(D)显著低于草原和林地生境(P<0.05)。8年期间阿鲁科尔沁旗南部夏季鸟类物种数和多样性指数呈上升趋势,而均匀度指数和优势度指数呈平稳趋势,反映了该地区生态环境的改善和鸟类群落的稳定性。保护湿地生境及湿地鸟类的同时加强草原和林地生境鸟类的日常监测和管理工作,对于阿鲁科尔沁旗南部夏季鸟类多样性保护具有重要意义。In order to understand the distribution characteristics,community diversity and interannual dynamic changes of summer birds in different habitats in southern Ar Horqin Banner,a field survey was conducted on the species,quantity and distribution of summer birds in wetlands,steppes and forests in southern Ar Horqin Banner from June and July 2014 to 2023 by using transversal method.Results a total of 116 bird species belonging to 18 orders and 39 families were recorded,of which 82 species of non-passerine birds in 17 orders and 23 families,34 species of passerine birds in 16 families.There were 73 species of summer migrants,27 residents and 16 passing birds.The ecological groups were mainly songbirds,wader and Natatores.There were 3 species of national Class I key protected birds and 17 species of national Class II key protected birds.The numbers of bird species which distributed in 3 habitats from most to least were:wetland(99 species),steppe(34 species),and forest(32 species).The indices related to bird community diversity fluctuated aperiodically between years.The richness,evenness and diversity indices of bird communities in wetland and steppe habitats were generally on the rise during the 8-year period,while those in forest habitats were basically stable.In addition to breeding birds,there were also some passing birds in wetland habitats,while breeding birds were distributed in steppe and forest habitats.The species number of summer migratory birds was much higher than that of resident birds,and the annual fluctuation of summer migratory birds was also greater than that of resident birds,indicating that summer migratory birds occupied an important position in the summer bird community in southern Ar Horqin Banner.There was no significant difference in Pielou index(J)among the three habitats(P>0.05).Patrick richness(R)and Shannon-Wiener index(H')of wetland habitats were significantly higher than those of steppe and forest habitats(P<0.05),while Simpson index(D)was significantly lower than those of steppe and for

关 键 词：阿鲁科尔沁旗 夏季鸟类 群落多样性 年际动态 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]