整体性治理视域下生态保护规范法典化的逻辑与进路  

Logic and approaches of codification of ecological protection norms from the perspective of holistic governance

作　　者：朱炳成 宁天琦 ZHU Bingcheng;NING Tianqi(Civil Commercial and Economical Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第12期14-24,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“环境健康权保障的公私法协动进路研究”(批准号:21CFX049)。

摘　　要：近年来,中国环境法治逐渐从要素治理向系统治理转向,以解决传统治理模式对生态系统整体性关照不足之弊。在此背景下,整体性治理进路成为生态环境法典中生态保护规范的重要依循。这不仅要求在理念层面呼应可持续发展的逻辑主线,也需要从文本逻辑和法律制度等方面遵循整体性方法,健全中国生态保护法治体系。基于适度法典化的编纂模式,生态环境法典的自然生态保护编可遵循以下编纂理路:(1)在理念上,将人与自然和谐共生的理念融入法典内容中,以整体性、系统性方法构建以生态环境法典为核心的生态环境法治体系。在自然生态保护编中,应秉持贯彻“山水林田湖草沙冰”一体化保护和系统治理,将维护生态系统整体功能作为根本目的,依此构建生态保护法律制度体系。(2)在内容上,基于环境、资源与生态一体三面的关系,明确自然生态保护编中生态保护法律规范的重点与核心,采取“生态-资源”一体化保护的模式。同时,根据适度法典化的编纂要求,实现自然生态保护编与污染控制编、绿色低碳发展编之间的融贯与衔接,以及生态环境法典与单行法的有效协同,从而明确同一生态要素基于“环境”“生态”“资源”的不同侧重在法典不同编的具体体现。(3)在框架结构方面,以生物多样性保护为逻辑线索,生态保护的主要内容应涵盖生态系统保护、物种保护和遗传资源保护等方面,并在此基础上就生态退化治理、生态修复和生态补偿等方面作出规定,以实现从生态系统、物种间到物种内的整体性保护。同时,生态环境法典可基于类型化逻辑安排自然生态保护制度,构建“事前预防-过程监管-损害救济-恢复治理”的规范体系,从而为生态保护提供完整、健全的规范依据。In recent years,environmental governance in China has gradually shifted from element-based management to systematic gover-nance,aiming to address the shortcomings of traditional governance models that insufficiently consider the integrity of ecosystems.In this context,holistic governance has emerged as an important reference in the ecological protection norms within the Ecological and Environ-mental Code.This transition has necessitated a conceptual alignment with the logical mainline of sustainable development and adherence to a holistic method in terms of textual logic and legal institutions to strengthen China's ecological legal system.Based on a moderate codi-fication model,the special section on natural ecological protection in the Ecological and Environmental Code could follow the following ra-tionale:①Regarding legal philosophy,the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature should be incorporated into the code,con-structing an ecological legal system centered on the environmental code through a holistic and systematic approach.In the special section on natural ecological protection,a systematic outlook should be maintained to promote integrated protection and governance of‘mountains,waters,forests,farmlands,lakes,grasslands,deserts,and glaciers,’with the fundamental aim of preserving the overall function of ecosys-tems,thus constructing the ecological protection legal system accordingly.②Regarding content,on the basis of the interrelated aspects of environment,resources,and ecology,the focus and core of legal norms for ecological protection in the special section on natural ecological protection should be clarified,and an‘ecology-resource’integrated protection model should be adopted.Concurrently,under the require-ments of moderate codification,coherence and connection should be achieved between the special section on natural ecological protection and those on pollution control and green low-carbon development,and an effective synergy between the code and separate laws should be ensured,t

关 键 词：生态环境法典 自然生态保护编 整体性保护 生态安全 生物多样性 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]