生态环境法典编纂合宪性控制的运行机理  

Operational mechanism of constitutional control in the compilation of the Ecologicaland Environmental Code

作　　者：李雷[1] LI Lei(Law School,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第12期46-54,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费“党的二十届三中全会精神研究阐释专项”(批准号:2722024DD009)。

摘　　要：中共二十大报告强调立法的合宪性,2023年3月,《中华人民共和国立法法》修改继续秉承了这一理念。生态环境法典编纂已经提上日程,是当前立法领域的重点和难点,立法合宪性控制逐步深入人心,该研究以此为契机,探究了环境立法合宪性控制运行机理的重要意义。通过规范分析和比较分析,对生态环境法典编纂的合宪性控制进行了立法论和解释论相结合的研究。研究发现:生态环境法典属于领域型法典,应该遵循适度法典化的编纂理念。环境立法呈现分散化趋势,且与国家政策高度关联等,这都加大了生态环境法典编纂的合宪性风险,客观上要求强化合宪性控制。生态环境法典编纂的合宪性控制是系统工程,包含事前、事中和事后3个阶段。合宪性控制的路径在于树立整体思维,根据3个阶段的不同情况,确定合宪性控制的重点目标。事前合宪性控制的核心是塑造思维理念,应着重审查生态环境法典是否坚持宪法依据、遵循宪法精神以及遵守宪法规范。事中合宪性控制是承前启后的关键环节,包含全国人大常委会法工委、全国人大环境与资源保护委员会、全国人大宪法和法律委员会等多个机关的共同参与,涵盖法案起草到审议表决的全部流程。事后合宪性控制则应该首先阐明事后控制的理论基础,难点在于事后审查制度如何构建,如探索激活合宪性审查要求权,构建以审查建议为支点的依申请模式,并从完善补偿修复机制等方面强化事后合宪性控制的力度。该研究从理论视角检验了合宪性控制对生态环境法典编纂的影响,对提升生态环境法典编纂质量、保障生态环境法典的合宪性具有重要价值。The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the constitutionality of legislation,and in March 2023,the amendment to the Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China continued to uphold this principle.The compila-tion of the Ecological and Environmental Code has been placed on the legislative agenda,which is a key priority and significant chal-lenge in the current legislative field.In this context,this study explores the significance of the operational mechanism of constitutional control in environmental legislation,as the principle of constitutional control of legislation has gained broader recognition.Through nor-mative analysis and comparative analysis,the study combines legislative and interpretative theories to investigate the constitutional con-trol in the compilation of the Ecological and Environmental Code.The finding indicates that the Ecological and Environmental Code is a domain-based code and should follow the concept of moderate codification.Environmental legislation is becoming increasingly decen-tralized and is highly correlated with national policies,which increases the constitutional risks associated with the compilation of the Ecological and Environmental Code.This,in turn,objectively requires strengthened constitutional control.The constitutional control in the compilation of the Ecological and Environmental Code is a systematic project encompassing three phases:pre-legislative,legisla-tive,and post-legislative stages.The path of constitutional control lies in establishing a holistic mindset and determining the key objec-tives of constitutional control according to the specific circumstances of each stage.The core of the pre-legislative stage lies in the for-mation of conceptual frameworks.It should focus on examining whether the Ecological and Environmental Code adheres to constitution-al basis,complies with the spirit of the constitution,and aligns with constitutional norms.The legislative stage represents a critical tran-sitional phase,which includ

关 键 词：生态环境法典 合宪性控制 事前控制 事中控制 事后控制 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]