法官援引生态文明裁判说理的实证考察与法理反思  

Empirical analysis and jurisprudential reflection of judges invoking ecological civili⁃zation in judicial reasoning

作　　者：侯明明 周诗雅 HOU Mingming;ZHOU Shiya(Legal Theory Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130012,China;Law School,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学理论法学研究中心,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第12期108-115,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国法院执行生态文明公共政策的基本原理与优化路径研究”(批准号:23CFX052)。

摘　　要：在大力推进生态文明建设和环境司法专门化的双重背景下,法官援引生态文明进行裁判说理的状况如何,能够从侧面映射出生态文明和法治文明的具体兼容程度。通过对244份裁判文书的实证考察和相关法条的规范分析发现,法官援引生态文明裁判说理在案件类型、区域分布、法院层级及说理风格等方面存在较大差异,而且生态文明融入裁判说理大多是以实质化而非形式化样态来呈现的,同时发挥着规范选择、价值宣示和冲突调和等正向功能。但是法官在援引生态文明裁判说理的过程中,也存在着突破生态文明裁判说理功能的有限性、因利益失衡而消解个案公正,以及说理格式化减损说理效果等问题。为了更好地以个案裁判回应个体对于新型生态利益诉求的美好向往、公众对于环境公共利益保护的迫切需求以及国家对于生态文明建设的战略布局,未来法官援引生态文明裁判说理应当从3个方面加以完善:(1)坚守“依法裁判”的底线逻辑,坚持“依法裁判”的基本要求和具体操作,准确识别出能够援引生态文明发挥漏洞填补功能的案件。(2)熟练使用利益衡量方法,尊重环境公共利益优先的同时认真对待少数特定群体和其他个体的权益;遵循生态修复优先的同时,促使生态环境损害赔偿方案呈现出个案适应性,进而实现利益衡量基础上的整全性司法正义。(3)强化援引生态文明裁判说理的个案回应性,注重因案说理;将援引生态文明和法律解释紧密结合,提升裁判说理的方法性;援引生态文明丰富法律推理和法律论证,增强裁判说理的严密性。Under the dual background of vigorously promoting the construction of ecological civilization and the specialization of envi-ronmental justice,the situation of judges invoking ecological civilization in judicial reasoning can indirectly reflect the specific compati-bility of ecological civilization and the rule of law.Through the empirical analysis of 244 judgment documents and normative analysis of legal articles,this study finds that there are significant differences in case types,regional distribution,court levels,and reasoning styles.The integration of ecological civilization into judicial reasoning is mostly presented in a substantive rather than a formal form and plays a positive function in norm selection,value declaration,and conflict reconciliation.However,in the process of invoking ecological civili-zation,judges also face some issues,such as exceeding their limited function,undermining the justice of the case due to the imbalanced interests,and reducing the effectiveness of judicial reasoning due to rigidity.To better respond to individuals'yearning for new ecologi-cal interests,the public's urgent need for environmental public interest protection,and China's strategic layout for ecological civiliza-tion construction,judges should improve the judicial reasoning of invoking ecological civilization in the future from the following three aspects:①Adhere to the bottom-line logic of‘judging according to law;’comply with the basic requirements and specific operations of‘judging according to law;’and accurately identify cases that can invoke ecological civilization to fill loopholes.②Skillfully use inter-est measurement methods;respect the priority of environmental public interests while taking seriously the rights and interests of specif-ic minority groups and other individuals;and,while following the priority of ecological restoration,promote the compensation scheme for ecological environmental damage to show individual adaptability,thereby achieving comprehensive judicial justice based on inter

关 键 词：生态文明 裁判说理 生态利益 利益衡量 

分 类 号：D926[政治法律—法学]