现代分析技术在石斛属植物鉴定中的应用研究进展  

Research progress on the application of modern analytical techniques in the identification of Dendrobium spp.

作　　者：徐铮娴 陈志禹 张双 陈建伟 XU Zhengxian;CHEN Zhiyu;ZHANG Shuang(Graduate School of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hangzhou 310053,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]浙江中医药大学研究生院,杭州310053 [2]宁波市药品检验所,浙江宁波315000

出　　处：《中国处方药》2025年第4期91-98,共8页Journal of China Prescription Drug

基　　金：国家药品监督管理局药品监管科学体系建设重点项目“新技术新方法在中药质量控制中的应用”(RS2024Z006)。

摘　　要：近年来,现代分析技术在石斛属植物分子层面差异性研究中取得了显著进展,石斛(Dendrobium spp.)是兰科(Orchidaceae)石斛属(Dendrobium)多年生草本植物,其中约有50余种具有药用价值,《中国药典》2020年版收载了石斛和铁皮石斛。现代药理研究表明,石斛中的生物碱、多糖等活性成分具有免疫调节、降血糖和胃保护等功效。目前,石斛类药材的鉴定方法主要包括基源鉴定、性状鉴定、显微鉴定、理化分析和DNA分子鉴定等。理化分析方法涵盖光谱法、色谱法和质谱法等,DNA分子鉴定方法则包括核酸序列分析和PCR技术等。其中,PCR技术因其方便、快捷、定量的优势,在石斛鉴定中的应用研究受到越来越多的关注。本文对现代分析技术在石斛鉴别中的应用进行了简要综述,对应用前景进行了展望。In recent years,the application of modern analytical techniques to investigate molecular differences in Dendrobium spp.has yielded significant findings.Dendrobium spp.is a perennial herb of the Dendrobium in the Orchidaceae family,comprising over 50 species with medicinal properties.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition has included Dendrobium and Dendrobium officinale.Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory,hypoglycemic and gastroprotective effects of the alkaloids,polysaccharides and other bioactive compounds present in Dendrobium.At present,the identification methods for dendrobium species mainly base source identification,trait identification,microscopic identification,physicochemical analysis and DNA molecular identification.Physicochemical analysis methods include optical spectroscopy,chromatography and mass spectrometry,while DNA molecular identification methods include nucleic acid sequence analysis and PCR technology.Among them,PCR technology has received more and more attention in recent years for its convenient,fast and quantitative advantages in the application research of Dendrobium identification.This paper provides a brief review of the application of modern analytical techniques in the identification of Dendrobium,as well as an exploration of their future prospects.

关 键 词：石斛鉴定 现代分析技术 理化分析 DNA分子鉴定 PCR 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]