基于里德伯原子电场量子测量方法及激光偏振影响分析  

Rydberg atom electric field based quantum measurement method and polarization influence analysis

作　　者：丁超 胡珊珊 邓松 宋宏天 张英 王保帅 阎晟 肖冬萍[4] 张淮清[4] DING Chao;HU Shanshan;DENG Song;SONG Hongtian;ZHANG Ying;WANG Baoshuai;YAN Sheng;XIAO Dongping;ZHANG Huaiqing(Electric Power Research Institute of Guizhou Power Grid Co.Ltd.,Guiyang 550001,China;CSG Electric Power Research Institute,Guangzhou 510700,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Measurement and Advanced Metering of Power Grid,Guangzhou 510700,China;National Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology,School of Electrical Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院,贵阳550001 [2]南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司,广州510700 [3]广东省电网智能量测与先进计量重点实验室,广州510700 [4]重庆大学电气工程学院,输变电装备技术全国重点实验室,重庆400044

出　　处：《物理学报》2025年第4期85-94,共10页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：中国南方电网贵州电网有限责任公司项目(批准号:GZKJXM20222158,GZKJXM20222147,GZKJXM20222200);广东省科技计划(批准号:2021B1212050014)资助的课题。

摘　　要：电场与里德伯态能级互相作用产生Stark效应可以通过EIT光谱的频移量进行量子探测,利用频移量与电场之间的函数关系,能够实现电场的测量.但是当探测光与耦合光偏振方向失配时会导致频移量的测量结果出现误差,进而影响电场的准确测量.本文首先求解密度矩阵方程进而推导EIT-Stark数学模型,分析探测光和耦合光偏振方向对模型的影响.其次,本文采用内置极板的方法避免了由于碱金属原子附着在原子蒸气室表面对加载电场所造成的屏蔽作用.最后,通过调控激光偏振方向,验证了偏振失配对EIT光谱以及电场测量结果的影响.实验数据显示,探测光和耦合光偏振方向互为平行时,为激光最匹配的偏振方向,EIT光谱峰值最大,电场测量最大相对误差为1.67%.探测光和耦合光偏振方向夹角为45°时,激光偏振失配程度最严重,EIT光谱峰值最小,电场测量最大相对误差为10.24%.The interaction between an electric field and the energy levels of Rydberg states results in the Stark effect,which can be used for quantum detection by measuring the frequency shift in electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)spectra.By using the functional relationship between the frequency shift and the electric field,it is possible to measure the electric field in question.However,the mismatch between the probe laser and the polarization direction of the coupled laser leads to errors in the measurement of the frequency shift,affecting the accurate measurement of the electric field.In this work,the Schrödinger equation is solved by perturbation method to derive the functional relationship between the energy offset and the electric field strength.Then,the functional relationship between the energy offset and the electric field strength is brought into the solution of the density matrix equation,and the influences of the polarization direction of the detected light and coupled light on the EIT-Stark mathematical model are analyzed.Then an internal electrode method is used to prevent shielding effects caused by alkali metal atoms adhering to the surface of the atomic vapor cell,thereby enabling the application of the electric field.The calibration of the Rydberg state polarisation rate is achieved by using a standard source and measuring the frequency shift of the EIT spectrum.Finally,the effects of polarisation mismatch on the measurement results of EIT spectrum and the electric field are verified by modulating the laser polarization direction.The experimental data show that when the polarization directions of the probe laser and coupled laser are parallel to each other,it is the most matched polarization direction for the lasers,the peak value of the EIT spectrum is the largest,and the maximum relative error of the electric field measurement is 1.67%.When the angle between the polarisation directions of the probe light and the coupled light laser is 45°,the laser polarisation mismatch is the most severe,t

关 键 词：电场测量 里德伯原子 电磁诱导透明 激光偏振方向 

分 类 号：O562[理学—原子与分子物理] TN24[理学—物理]