不同碳氮比对海带和菌菇渣共堆肥品质及微生物群落影响的研究  

Study on the Effects of Different C/N Ratios on the Quality of Co-composting of Saccharina japonica and Spent Mushroom Compost and the Microbial Community

作　　者：张玉雪 王德瑞 曾阳 崔瑞瑞 黄倩 崔寅杰 谢敏 冯大伟[1] 赵保忠 ZHANG Yuxue;WANG Derui;ZENG Yang;CUI Ruirui;HUANG Qian;CUI Yinjie;XIE Min;FENG Dawei;ZHAO Baozhong(Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation,Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai Shandong 264003;University of China Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shandong University,Qingdao Shandong 266237;Qingdao Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Qingdao Shandong 266112;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin Heilongjiang 150001;Binzhou Jingyang Biofertilizer Co.Ltd.,Binzhou Shandong 251808)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所海岸带生物学与生物资源利用重点实验室,山东烟台264003 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]山东大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266237 [4]山东中医药大学青岛中医药科学院,山东青岛266112 [5]哈尔滨工业大学化工与化学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [6]滨州市京阳生物肥业有限公司,山东滨州251808

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2025年第1期50-56,共7页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

基　　金：烟台市科技创新发展计划项目(2022XCZX101,2022XCZX098)。

摘　　要：海藻作为肥料已有数百年的历史,通过与有机固体废物共堆肥,可以有效利用海藻中的活性成分,如海藻酸。因此,对海带与菌菇渣混合堆肥过程中初始碳氮比(20∶1、30∶1、40∶1、50∶1)对堆肥效果的影响进行探讨,确定最适宜的碳氮比;并通过监测堆肥过程中的理化性质,评估不同初始碳氮比对堆肥效果的影响。结果表明:堆肥初期温度迅速升高至约60℃;堆肥结束后所有处理组pH均低于5.5,产品具有改良碱性土壤的潜力;所有处理组堆肥产品发芽指数(GI)均高于80%,无生物毒性;初始碳氮比为30∶1的海藻酸含量增加率最小(45.3%),更有利于海藻酸的分解。此外,16S rRNA高通量测序分析显示,碳氮比为30∶1时,堆肥后假单胞菌属的丰度显著高于其他处理组。假单胞菌属是主要的海藻酸裂解酶产生菌株之一,能够促进海藻酸的降解及其活性成分的释放。综上,当碳氮比为30∶1时,能够产生高品质的成熟堆肥,适宜的碳氮比促进了有机物降解并提升了堆肥的质量。Seaweed as a fertilizer has been renowned for centuries.By co-composting with organic solid waste,the active substances in seaweed,such as alginate,can be effectively utilized.Therefore,the effects of initial C/N ratio(20∶1,30∶1,40∶1 and 50∶1)on the composting of Saccharinajaponicaalgae and mushroom compost residue were investigated,and the most suitable C/N ratio was determined.The effects of different initial C/N ratio on composting were evaluated by determining the physical and chemical properties during composting.The results showed that the initial temperature of composting increased rapidly to about 60℃.After composting,the pH of all treatment groups was lower than 5.5,and the product had the potential to improve alkaline soil.The germination index(GI)of compost products in all treatment groups was higher than 80%,and there was no biological toxicity.The increase rate of alginate content was the smallest(45.3%)when the initial C/N ratio was 30∶1,which was more conducive to the decomposition of alginate.In addition,16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that at 30∶1 C/N ratio after composting,the content of Pseudomonas was significantly higher than that in other groups.Pseudomonas is one of the main strains producing alginate lyase,which is beneficial to the degradation of alginate and the release of active substances.In conclusion,when the C/N ratio was 30∶1,high-quality mature compost could be produced,and the appropriate C/N ratio promoted the degradation of organic matter and improved the quality of compost.

关 键 词：堆肥 碳氮比 大型藻类 细菌多样性 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] X705[农业科学—农业基础科学] X172[环境科学与工程—环境工程]