飞灰酸洗减量化及低温热解解毒工艺初探  

Preliminary Exploration for MSWI Fly Ash by the Detoxification Processes of Acid Washing Reduction and Low Temperature Pyrolysis

作　　者：刘自兴 王艳明 王世豪 聂剑文 薛骁 高斌 LIU Zixing;WANG Yanming;WANG Shihao;NIE Jianwen;XUE Xiao;GAO Bin(Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute(Group)Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 200092;Shanghai Laogang Solid Waste Comprehensive Development Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 200237)

机构地区：[1]上海市政工程设计研究总院(集团)有限公司,上海200092 [2]上海老港固废综合开发有限公司,上海200237

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2025年第1期103-109,共7页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

摘　　要：以上海某生活垃圾焚烧厂飞灰为例,探究了酸洗及低温热解组合工艺实现飞灰解毒的可行性。重点探究了水洗及酸洗对重金属浸出毒性、化学组成和晶相组成的影响,并进一步分析了酸洗废水水质和热解飞灰的污染特征。结果表明:仅使用水洗处理后的飞灰,重金属浸出毒性可满足HJ 1134—2020生活垃圾焚烧飞灰污染控制技术规范(试行)相关要求,但不满足GB 5085.3—2007危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别的相关要求,进一步增加酸洗后,飞灰中重金属的浸出毒性可满足上述两个标准。此外,论证了“酸洗/水洗+低温热解”组合工艺对垃圾飞灰解毒的技术可行性,经处理的飞灰重金属、二口恶英、可溶性氯均满足HJ 1134—2020的污染控制要求,可实现飞灰的解毒。Taking fly ash of a MSWI plant in Shanghai as an example,the effectiveness of an acid-washing and pyrolysis combined approach for fly ash detoxification was explored.It focused on influence in the leaching toxicity of heavy metals,chemical composition,and crystalline phase composition of MSWI fly ash before and after water washing and acid washing.Additionally,the study assessed the pollution characteristics of the wastewater generated from the acid washing process and the fly ash generated from the pyrolysis process.The results showed that after treated by water washing,the leaching toxicity of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash could meet the standard requirements of the HJ 1134—2020 Technical Specification for Pollution Controlof Fly-Ashfrom Municipal Solid Waste Incineration.However,the leaching toxicity had fell short of meeting the standards of the GB 5085.3—2007 Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes-Identification for ExtractionToxicity.Upon implementing acid washing treatment,the leaching toxicity of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash met the requirements of both standards.In addition,the technical feasibility of this combined system,which consists of acid-water washing and low-temperature pyrolysis,was demonstrated.The heavy metals,dioxins,and soluble chlorine,all met the pollution control requirements of HJ 1134—2020,demonstrating successful detoxification of the MSWI fly ash.

关 键 词：飞灰 酸洗 低温热解 减量化 解毒 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]