猪粪替代部分氮肥对土壤质量及菜心产量和维生素C含量的影响  

Effects of pig manure instead of partial nitrogen fertilizer on soil quality,yield and vitamin C content of Chinese flowering cabbage

作　　者：杨春亚 吴东阳 谭惠玲 叶宇 赵中秋 李永涛[1,2] 徐会娟 YANG Chunya;WU Dongyang;TAN Huiling;YE Yu;ZHAO Zhongqiu;LI Yongtao;XU Huijuan(College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong;College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Use and Reconstruction,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong;Agricultural Development Center of Luoding City,Yunfu 527200,Guangdong)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院农业农村部华南耕地保育重点实验室,广东广州510642 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院广东省土地利用与整治重点实验室,广东广州510642 [3]罗定市农业发展中心,广东云浮527200

出　　处：《浙江农业科学》2025年第2期354-362,共9页Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：“十四五”广东省农业科技创新十大主攻方向“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022SDZG07);污染耕地安全利用与耕地质量提升集成模式研究项目;畜禽粪污还田利用面源污染等环境风险监测与评估项目。

摘　　要：针对规模化集约化养猪场产生的大量畜禽粪污无害化和资源化处理难题,重点探讨猪粪粪肥在培肥土壤和作物增产提质方面的效果,以期为猪粪的资源化还田利用和技术推广提供数据支撑。研究以菜心为供试作物设置大田试验,共设置6个处理:CK(不施肥处理)、CF1(农户习惯施肥)、CF2(优化配方化肥)、PM1(猪粪替代15%N)、PM2(猪粪替代30%N)和VC(蚯蚓粪替代15%N),对收获后的土壤容重、pH值、电导率、铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、有效磷含量和速效钾含量及菜心产量和维生素C含量9个指标进行测定,通过主成分分析和隶属函数分析,综合评价不同处理的培肥效果。结果表明,各处理之间土壤容重差异不显著,土壤电导率均偏低;与CK、CF1、CF2和VC处理相比,PM1处理土壤pH值、铵态氮含量和速效钾含量分别提高4.68%~9.45%、1.75%~62.62%和17.81%~109.76%,PM2处理土壤pH值、有效磷含量和速效钾含量分别提高1.72%~6.36%、4.96%~152.99%、12.33%~100.00%;与CK、CF1和CF2处理相比,PM1和PM2处理土壤硝态氮含量分别提高77.93%~248.65%和70.69%~234.46%,菜心产量分别提高38.3%~1057.0%和38.6%~1060.0%。不同处理土壤质量指数(SQI)排序为:PM2>PM1>VC>CF2>CF1>CK。菜心产量和维生素C含量在0.001水平显著相关,PM2处理增产提质的综合效果最好。综上,猪粪替代30%N处理为最佳推荐施肥方式。In response to the challenges of harmless treatment and resource utilization of a large amount of livestock and poultry manure produced by large-scale intensive pig farms,this study focuses on the effects of pig manure fertilizer on soil fertility and crop yield improvement.The aim is to provide data support for the resource utilization and technology promotion of pig manure.Selecting Chinese flowering cabbage as the test crop,the experiment was designed with six treatments in the field:CK(no fertilization treatment),CF1(farmers'habitual fertilization),CF2(optimized formula fertilizer),PM1(pig manure replacing 15%N),PM2(pig manure replacing 30%N)and VC(vermicompost replacing 15%N).Nine indicators,including soil bulk density,soil pH value,soil electrical conductivity,soil ammonium N content,soil nitrate N content,soil available P content and soil available K content,as well as yield and vitamin C of Chinese flowering cabbage,were measured after harvest.The fertilizer effects of different treatments were comprehensively evaluated through principal component analysis and membership function analysis.The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil bulk density among different treatments,and the soil electrical conductivity was low among different treatments.Compared with treatments of CK,CF1,CF2,and VC,the soil pH value,soil ammonium N content and soil available K content of PM1 respectively increased by 4.68%-9.45%,1.75%-62.62%and 17.81%-109.76%;the soil pH value,soil available P content and soil available K content of PM2 respectively increased by 1.72%-6.36%,4.96%-152.99%and 12.33%-100.00%.Compared with treatments of CK,CF1 and CF2,the soil nitrate N content of PM1 and PM2 respectively increased by 77.93%-248.65%and 70.69%-234.46%,the yield of Chinese flowering cabbage of PM1 and PM2 respectively increased by 38.3%-1057.0%and 38.6%-1060.0%.The soil quality index(SQI)of different treatments is ranked as follows:PM2>PM1>VC>CF2>CF1>CK.There was a significant correlation between yield and vitamin C

关 键 词：猪粪 菜心 土壤理化性质 产量 主成分分析 隶属函数分析 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学] S634[农业科学—农业基础科学]