热水浸种对柑橘种子生长及嫁接的影响  

Effect of hot water soaking on citrus seed growth and grafting

作　　者：黄秀 柯甫志[1] 聂振朋[1] 孙立方 王罗云 HUANG Xiu;KE Fuzhi;NIE Zhenpeng;SUN Lifang;WANG Luoyun(Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute,Zhejiang Branch of National Center for Citrus VarietyImprovement,Taizhou 318026,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]浙江省柑橘研究所国家柑橘品种改良浙江分中心,浙江台州318026

出　　处：《浙江农业科学》2025年第2期381-385,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：浙江省农业新品种选育重大专项(2021C02066-1);黄岩院地合作项目。

摘　　要：为提高柑橘新品种选育过程中杂交苗嫁接成活率,提高育种效率,该试验以柑橘单胚和多胚种子为试材,研究热水浸种不同温度和时间处理对柑橘种子发芽生长以及嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明,在水温50~55℃范围内,随着温度的升高,单胚和多胚柑橘种子胚根长、胚根生长量、茎长以及发芽率均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,并在52℃时达到最高,单胚种子各项指标为16.02 mm、20.79 mm、27.59 mm、81.36%,多胚种子为10.56 mm、29.61 mm、42.10 mm、90.00%;从形态观察可知,52℃热水浸种处理种子发芽率高、胚根生长快、整齐度好。在52℃热水浸种10~30 min范围内,随着浸种时间的增加,柑橘种子胚根长、胚根生长量、茎长以及发芽率均呈现先升高后下降的趋势,在20 min时达到最高,分别为12.95 mm、31.54 mm、37.89 mm、81.40%。综上说明,柑橘种子热水浸种催芽处理选用52℃热水浸种20 min,能提高柑橘种子的发芽率和嫁接成活率,适用于柑橘单胚和多胚种子,该研究为柑橘新品种选育、倍性育种以及生产中柑橘种子催芽处理提供技术参考。In order to improve the grafting survival rate of hybrid offspring in the breeding process of new citrus varieties,and improve the breeding efficiency,the effects of hot water soaking at different temperature and time on the germination and growth of citrus seeds were studied by using single and multiple embryo seeds of citrus as test materials.The results showed that in the range of water temperature of 50-55℃,with the increase of temperature,radicle length,radicle growth,stem length and germination rate of single and multiple embryo seeds,showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and reached the highest at 52℃,which were 16.02 mm,20.79 mm,27.59 mm,81.36%of single embryo seed and 10.56 mm,29.61 mm,42.10 mm and 90.00%of mutiple embryo seed,respectively.From the morphological observation,it can be seen that soaking seeds in hot water at 52℃had a high seed germination rate,fast growth of radicle,and good uniformity.In the time range of 10-30 min soaking in hot water at 52℃,with the increase of soaking time,radicle length,radicle growth,stem length and germination rate of citrus seeds increased first and then decreased,reaching the highest at 20 min,which were 12.95 mm,31.54 mm,37.89 mm and 81.40%,respectively.In conclusion,the hot water soaking treatment of citrus seeds at 52℃for 20 min can improve the germination uniformity and grafting survival rate of citrus seeds,which is suitable for citrus single and multiple embryo seeds.This study provides a technical reference for the breeding of new citrus varieties,ploidy breeding and citrus seed germination treatment in production.

关 键 词：热水浸种 柑橘 发芽 嫁接 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]