6种除草剂及其组合药剂对直播稻田杂草的防治效果及作物安全性评价  

Evaluation of control effects and crop safety of six herbicides and their combinations against weeds in direct-seeded rice fields

作　　者：余艳芳 胡杨 何世界 徐洪乐[2] 雷海霞 王肖肖 李慧龙 朱君德 Yanfang;HU Yang;HE Shijie;XU Hongle;LEI Haixia;WANG Xiaoxiao;LI Huilong;ZHU Junde(Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinyang 464000,Henan;Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan)

机构地区：[1]信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳464000 [2]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《浙江农业科学》2025年第2期430-436,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：豫南晚播粳稻精量直播技术研究与示范(152102110036)。

摘　　要：为探究直播稻田安全有效的杂草防除技术,该研究采用田间试验法比较评价了氯氟吡啶酯等6种除草剂及其组合药剂对直播稻田杂草的防除效果及水稻的安全性。结果表明,在直播稻3叶1心期施用3%氯氟吡啶酯乳油(EC,每667 m^(2)施药60 mL)对稗草、水竹叶、鸭舌草、异型莎草、碎米莎草具有较好防治效果,对野荸荠防治效果中等,对千金子防治效果略差,当用量增加到每667 m^(2)施药80 mL时会对水稻产生隐性药害。3%氯氟吡啶酯EC(每667 m^(2)施药40 mL)+30%氰氟草酯可分散油悬浮剂(OD,每667 m^(2)施药40 mL)对除野荸荠外的杂草均有较好的防治效果,将二者混用时,氯氟吡啶酯宜采用推荐的低剂量,否则会产生隐性药害。56%2甲4氯钠盐可溶性粉剂(SP,每667 m^(2)施药125 g)+480 g·L^(-1)灭草松水剂(AS,每667 m^(2)施药150 mL)或+200 g·L^(-1)氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯EC(每667 m^(2)施药45 mL)对鸭舌草的防治效果显著,对水竹叶、异型莎草、碎米莎草也有较好的防治效果,其中,与灭草松混用可有效提高对野荸荠的防治效果。56%2甲4氯钠盐可溶性粉剂(SP,每667 m^(2)施药125 g)对水稻有明显药害,药害在喷施叶面肥后可逐渐缓解,将用量降至每667 m^(2)施药80 g时对水稻安全。30%氰氟草酯OD(每667 m^(2)施药40 mL)对稗草防治效果差;10%双草醚悬浮剂(SC,每667 m^(2)施药20 mL)对千金子防治效果差。总体来说,推荐使用3%氯氟吡啶酯EC(每667 m^(2)施药40 mL)+30%氰氟草酯OD(每667 m^(2)施药40 mL)、56%2甲4氯钠盐SP(每667 m^(2)施药125 g)+10%双草醚SC(每667 m^(2)施药20 mL)+30%氰氟草酯OD(每667 m^(2)施药40 mL)2种混合施药方式,其不仅对多种一年生杂草防治效果较好,而且对水稻安全。此外,若莎草科杂草发生量较大,推荐混用56%2甲4氯钠盐SP(每667 m^(2)施药80 g)+480 g·L^(-1)灭草松AS(每667 m^(2)施药150 mL)+30%氰氟草酯OD(每667 m^(2)施药40 mL)。In order to explore the safe and effective weed control technology for direct-seeded rice,this study compared and evaluated the weed control effect of 6 herbicides such as florpyrauxifen and their combinations on direct-seeded rice field based on field trial method.The results showed that florpyrauxifen 3%EC(60 mL per 667 m^(2))had good control effects on Echinochloa oryzicola V.,Murdannia triquetra(Wall.)Bruckn,Monochoria vaginalis P.,Cyperus difformis L.and Cyperus iria L.,had medium control effect on Heleocharis plantagineiformis Tang et Wang and slightly poor control effect on Leptochloa chinensis N.when used at the three-leaf stage.Florpyrauxifen 3%EC(80 mL per 667 m^(2))could cause invisible herbicide damage to rice.Florpyrauxifen 3%EC(40 mL per 667 m^(2))+cyhalofop-butyl 30%OD(40 mL per 667 m^(2))had good control effects on all experimental weeds except Heleocharis plantagineiformis Tang et Wang,when the two herbicides were mixed,florpyrauxifen 3%EC should be used at the recommended low dose,otherwise it would cause invisible harm to rice.2-methyl-4-chlorosodium salt 56%SP combined with bentazone 480 g·L^(-1) AS(150 mL per 667 m^(2))or fluroxypyr-meptyl 200 g·L^(-1) EC(45 mL per 667 m^(2))had excellent control effects on Monochoria vaginalis P.,and also had good control effect on Murdannia triquetra(Wall.)Bruckn,Cyperus difformis L.and Cyperus iria L.,and mixed with bentazone could effectively improve the control effect of Heleocharis plantagineiformis Tang et Wang.2-methyl-4-chlorosodium salt 56%SP 56%SP(125 g per 667 m^(2))had obvious drug damage to rice,but can gradually return to normal growth after spraying foliar fertilizer,when it was used at the dosage of 80 g per 667 m^(2),it was safe to rice.Cyhalofop-butyl 30%OD(40 mL per 667 m^(2))had poor control effect on Echinochloa oryzicola V.and bispyribac-sodium 10%SC(20 mL per 667 m^(2))had poor control effect on Leptochloa chinensis N.On the whole,we recommended two combination methods,florpyrauxifen 3%EC(40 mL per 667 m^(2))+cyhalofop-butyl 30%OD(40

关 键 词：除草剂 直播稻田 杂草 防治效果 作物安全性 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]