大口黑鲈稻田嵌入流水槽养殖效果研究  

Study on the effect of embedded raceway aquaculture for Micropterus salmoides in rice fields

作　　者：周聃 张金鹏 刘梅[1] 胡大雁 原居林[1] 周志金 ZHOU Dan;ZHANG Jinpeng;LIU Mei;HU Dayan;YUAN Julin;ZHOU Zhijin(Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province,Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries,Huzhou 313001,Zhejiang;Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Huzhou 313000,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部淡水渔业健康养殖重点实验室浙江省鱼类健康与营养重点实验室浙江省淡水水产研究所,浙江湖州313001 [2]湖州市农业科学研究院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《浙江农业科学》2025年第2期475-482,共8页Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：浙江省农业农村厅市级农业科学研究院联盟区域示范项目(2022SJLM08)。

摘　　要：为分析大口黑鲈稻田嵌入流水槽养殖模式的养殖效果,评价其生态和经济效益,该研究在湖州市吴兴区构建了两种养殖模式(LK组和XK组)。通过监测种养过程中大口黑鲈生长情况、水质状况、种养前后稻田土壤变化,并对其产量和经济效益进行评估,构建了适宜的养殖模式。结果显示,LK组大口黑鲈的生长速度慢于XK组,但两组收获规格的差异不大;LK组和XK组流水槽内的水体总氮含量、总磷含量和化学需氧量(COD)含量均高于环沟内的水体,经过种养后,LK组稻田土壤总氮含量从(1.60±0.15)g·kg^(-1)降至(1.12±0.05)g·kg^(-1),总磷含量从(0.54±0.05)g·kg^(-1)降至(0.11±0.02)g·kg^(-1);XK组稻田土壤总氮含量从(1.52±0.13)g·kg^(-1)降至(1.05±0.06)g·kg^(-1),总磷含量从(0.47±0.03)g·kg^(-1)降至(0.06±0.02)g·kg^(-1)。但腐殖质总含量及肥力均有所提升,LK组肥料减量37.5%~53.1%,XK组肥料减量50.1%~62.5%,且两组均未使用农药。LK组每667 m^(2)的利润为5680.9元,低于XK组(每667 m^(2)7902.6元)。因此,大口黑鲈稻田嵌入流水槽是集经济和生态为一体的优质稻渔种养模式。适宜的具体模式为:于4月中下旬每667 m^(2)放养大口黑鲈鱼种计1.0万~1.5万尾,于6月上旬播种晚稻甬优1540。流水槽和稻田最佳面积配比为单条流水槽至少配6667.0 m^(2)稻田。To analyze the aquaculture effect of embedded raceway aquaculture for Micropterus salmoides in rice fields and evaluate its ecological and economic benefits,two aquaculture models(LK group and XK group)were constructed in this study in Wuxing District,Huzhou City.By monitoring the growth and water quality of Micropterus salmoides during the breeding process,as well as changes in paddy soil before and after cultivation,and evaluating yield and economic benefits,a suitable aquaculture model was constructed.The results showed that the growth rate of Micropterus salmoides in the LK group was slower than that in the XK group,but there was no significant difference in harvest specifications.The total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and COD levels in the water within the LK and XK group raceways were higher than those in the surrounding ditch.After cultivation,the total nitrogen content in the LK group paddy soil decreased from(1.60±0.15)g·kg^(-1) to(1.12±0.05)g·kg^(-1),and the total phosphorus content decreased from(0.54±0.05)g·kg^(-1) to(0.11±0.02)g·kg^(-1);The total nitrogen content of paddy soil in the XK group decreased from(1.52±0.13)g·kg^(-1) to(1.05±0.06)g·kg^(-1),and the total phosphorus content decreased from(0.47±0.03)g·kg^(-1) to(0.06±0.02)g·kg^(-1).However,the total amount of humus and fertility both increased.The LK group reduced fertilizer by 37.5%-53.1%,while the XK group reduced fertilizer by 50.1%-62.5%.Both groups did not use pesticides.The profit of the LK group was 5680.9 yuan per 667 m^(2),significantly lower than the XK group(7902.6 yuan per 667 m^(2)).Therefore,Micropterus salmoides rice field embedded raceway aquaculture is a high-quality rice fishing model that integrates economy and ecology.The suitable mode is to release 10000 to 15000 Micropterus salmoides species in mid to late April,and sow the late rice variety Yongyou 1540 in early June.The optimal area ratio is at least 6667.0 m^(2) of rice paddies on a single raceway.

关 键 词：大口黑鲈 稻渔种养 嵌入式流水槽 养殖效果 

分 类 号：S962.35[农业科学—水产养殖]