基于FPGA的压力管道泄漏声波信号采集系统设计  

Design of Pressure Pipeline Leakage Acoustic Signal Acquisition System Based on FPGA

作　　者：李国保 曾蕙明 夏倩倩 周冬 LI Guobao;ZENG Huiming;XIA Qianqian;ZHOU Dong(School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering,Wuxi University,Wuxi 214105,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院,江苏南京210044 [2]无锡学院集成电路科学与工程学院,江苏无锡214105

出　　处：《无线电工程》2025年第2期246-253,共8页Radio Engineering

基　　金：江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究面上省资助经费项目(22KJB140017);基于MCU芯片验证、测试与封装项目的集成电路技术项目(560123034)。

摘　　要：压力管道通常被用于输送易燃易爆的危险品,若发生泄漏会引起严重爆炸事故。针对目前管道泄漏声波信号采集速度慢、不准确的问题,设计了一种高频、高精度的压力管道信号采集系统。该系统以现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)为控制核心,通过软件和硬件进行设计优化,在硬件设计时,为减少噪声干扰,前端调理电路的设计使用单端转差分电路,模数转换器(Analog-to-Digital Converter,ADC)部分使用高精度模数转换芯片进行信号采集。在软件方面对采集后的数据使用有限脉冲响应(Finite Impulse Response,FIR)滤波器优化噪声干扰。为了记录采集得到的数据,使用DDR3进行数据缓存,通过USB2.0把采集的数据传输至电脑上位机进行显示。测试结果表明,与现有系统相比,该系统性能稳定,有效提高了采集的速度和准确性,采集最大误差不超过0.87%,降低了噪声干扰,在管道声波信号采集中具有较大的应用价值。Pressure pipelines are often used to transport flammable and explosive dangerous goods,and their leakage will cause serious explosion accidents.In order to solve the current problem of slow and inaccurate acquisition of pipeline leakage acoustic signals,a pressure pipeline signal acquisition system with high frequency and high precision is designed.Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)is used as the control core,and the design is optimized through software and hardware.In order to reduce noise interference in hardware design,a single-ended to differential circuit is used for the design of front-end conditioning circuit,and a high-precision Analog-to-Digital Conversion(ADC)chip for signal acquisition is used in the ADC part.On the software side,the acquired data is optimized in terms of noise interference by using a Finite Impulse Response(FIR)filter.To record the collected data,DDR3 is used for data cache,and the collected data is transmitted to the computer for display through USB2.0.The test results show that compared with existing systems,the performance of the designed system is stable,the speed and accuracy of acquisition are effectively improved,the maximum error of acquisition is not more than 0.87%,the noise interference is reduced,and it is of great application value in the acquisition of pipeline acoustic signals.

关 键 词：信号采集 现场可编程门阵列 有限脉冲响应 模数转换器 DDR3 

分 类 号：TN99[电子电信—信号与信息处理]