支气管扩张症临床诊治与研究年度进展2024  

Annual review of bronchiectasis 2024

作　　者：姜瑞 姚安洁 王雨晴 萨依娜·阿布都克由木 郑慧珍 徐金富 Jiang Rui;Yao Anjie;Wang Yuqing;Sayina Abudukeyoumu;Zheng Huizhen;Xu Jinfu(Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital,Institute of Respiratory Medicine,Shanghai 200433,China;Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University,Shanghai 200040,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学呼吸病研究所,同济大学附属上海市肺科医院呼吸与危重症医学科,上海200433 [2]复旦大学附属华东医院呼吸与危重症医学科,上海200040

出　　处：《中华结核和呼吸杂志》2025年第2期158-163,共6页Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(NSFC81925001,NSFC82330070)。

摘　　要：支气管扩张症(简称支扩)是临床上常见的因各种病因导致的支气管异常和持久性扩张的慢性气道疾病。近一年来支扩领域取得了一系列重要进展,主要聚焦于流行病学、病原学、发病机制、合并症、治疗等方面。研究发现,痰液颜色、硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐可作为支扩急性加重的预后生物标志物,呼出气生物标志物的开发有利于筛查和诊断支扩,为支扩的防治靶点提供了新见解。此外,本年度支扩研究在治疗方面取得了较大进展,如二肽基肽酶1抑制剂、黏菌素干粉吸入剂、上皮钙通道阻滞剂等,推进了支扩精准治疗进程。新一代基因组测序技术的发展从遗传学、表观遗传学、转录组学和代谢组学等不同方面进一步探索了支扩的发病机制。综上,本文就2023年10月1日至2024年9月30日支扩领域的进展进行简要总结,以期对未来支扩研究方向提供新思路。Bronchiectasis(BE)is a chronic airway disease characterized by bronchial abnormalities and persistent dilation due to a variety of underlying causes.Over the past year,significant advances have been made in the study of bronchiectasis,particularly in the areas of epidemiology,microbiology,pathogenesis,comorbidities,and treatment.Recent studies have identified sputum color and nitrate/nitrite levels as prognostic biomarkers for exacerbations,while advances in exhaled breath biomarkers have improved screening and diagnosis,providing new insights into preventive and therapeutic targets for bronchiectasis.Significant progress has also been made in therapeutic research,including the development of dipeptidyl peptidase-1 inhibitors,inhaled colistimethate sodium and epithelial calcium channel blockers,all of which are helping to the advancement of precision medicine in bronchiectasis.The development of new-generation genome sequencing technology can further explore the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis from various aspects including genetics,epigenetics,transcriptomics and metabolomics.In conclusion,this review provides a concise overview of the major advances in bronchiectasis research from October 1,2023 to September 30,2024,with the aim of providing new perspectives for future research directions.

关 键 词：支气管扩张症 支扩 钙通道阻滞剂 精准治疗 表观遗传学 代谢组学 流行病学 呼出气 

分 类 号：R562.22[医药卫生—呼吸系统]