覆膜方式对间作玉米光合物质生产及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Mulching Methods on the Production of Photosynthetic Substances and Water Use Efficiency of Intercropped Maize

作　　者：王佳芯 胡静一 张巍 魏骞 王涛 王小林 张雄[1] 张盼盼[1] WANG JiaXin;HU JingYi;ZHANG Wei;WEI Qian;WANG Tao;WANG XiaoLin;ZHANG Xiong;ZHANG PanPan(College of Life Sciences,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi;Yulin Agricultural Technology Service Center,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林719000 [2]榆林市农业农技服务中心,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第3期460-477,共18页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：陕西省科技厅重点研发计划(2024NC-YBXM-011);中央引导地方科技发展基金陕西省工程技术研究中心项目(2022ZY2-GCZX-05);榆林市科技局科技计划(CXY-2022-69,2023-CXY-151);陕西省教育厅重点实验室项目(23JS068);第二批榆林“科技之光”中青年科技领军人才项目(2024-KJZG-ZQNLJ-008);榆林学院研究生创新基金项目(2023YLYCX19,2024YLYCX19)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究玉米大豆间作模式下不同覆膜方式对玉米光合物质生产及水分利用的影响,确定陕北旱作农业中玉米与大豆适宜的覆膜方式,以期为玉米大豆高产高效生产及生态环境保护提供依据。【方法】试验于2022年分别在水地和旱地进行,以‘中黄30’大豆和‘先玉335’玉米为试验材料,采用两因素完全随机设计,对照组为单作作物(玉米M、大豆S)和覆膜方式(裸地、膜际J)相结合,试验组为间作作物(玉米M、大豆S)和覆膜方式(裸地、膜际J、全膜Q)相结合,共13组处理,研究不同覆膜方式下间作玉米生长、光合特性和水分利用效率的变化。【结果】(1)拔节至吐丝阶段,间作玉米生长空间受限,导致水地间作玉米地上生物量较单作处于劣势,仅S/MQ、SQ/MJ、SQ/MQ的拔节期生物量分别比单作M高5.1%、6.3%、1.7%;间作下以SJ/MJ玉米植株生长速度最快,生长量大幅提升。旱地SQ/MQ、S/M、S/MJ、SQ/MJ、SJ/M对玉米吐丝期光合产物促进效果较佳,地上生物量比单作M高0.6%—105.9%。(2)间作与覆膜处理一定程度上改善了玉米光合特性,水地玉米净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)之间均具有一定程度的正向关系,SQ/MJ与SJ/MQ的各项光合参数均较高,而SJ/M与SQ/MQ较低且低于不覆膜S/M;旱地玉米Pn与Ci之间呈现较弱负相关,各处理间玉米覆膜效果不显著,间作处理Gs较单作M分别低5.7%—38.1%,且Tr也降低5.6%—25.6%,仅SJ/M和SQ/M的Pn及SQ/MJ和S/M的Ci高于单作M。(3)间作覆膜对水分利用效率(WUE)影响效果显著,水地间作处理WUE较单作M高41.1%—74.0%,其中SJ/M、S/M、S/MJ较高;旱地所有处理中SQ/MJ的WUE最高(19.04 kg·mm^(-1)·hm^(-2)),其次为SJ/MJ(17.07 kg·mm^(-1)·hm^(-2)),而SJ/M与SQ/M的WUE比单作M显著低出26.7%、20.6%。(4)与单作M相比,水地间作S/MJ、SJ/M和SJ/MJ玉米增产76.8%、73.0%、72.3%,大豆减产在所有间作处理中�【Objective】This study explored the effects of different mulching methods on the production of photosynthetic substances and water use of maize under the intercropping mode of maize and soybean,aiming to determine the suitable mulching method for maize and soybean plantation in dryland agriculture in northern Shaanxi,so as to provide a basis for high-yield and efficient production of maize and soybean and ecological environment protection.【Method】This study was conducted in irrigated land and nonirrigated land in 2022,using'Zhonghuang 30'soybean and'Xianyu 335'maize as materials.The two-factor complete randomized design was carried out,and the control group combined single crop(maize“M”,soybean“S”)and film mulching(bare land,interbrane“J”),and the test group combined intercropping crop(maize“M”,soybean“S”)and film mulching(bare land,interbrane“J”and whole film“Q”),with a total of 13 treatment groups.The characteristics changes of growth,photosynthesis,and water use efficiency of intercropped maize under different mulching methods were studied.【Result】(1)From jointing to silking stage,the growth space of intercropped maize was limited,resulting in a disadvantage in aboveground biomass of intercropped maize compared with monoculture.The biomass during the jointing stage of S/MQ,SQ/MJ,and SQ/MQ was 5.1%,6.3%,and 1.7%higher than that of monoculture M,respectively;under intercropping,SJ/MJ maize plants had the fastest growth rate and a sharp increase in growth.SQ/MQ S/M,S/MJ,SQ/MJ,and SJ/M in dry land had a better promoting effect on the photosynthetic products of maize during the silking stage,and the aboveground biomass was 0.6%-105.9%higher than that of monoculture M.(2)To some extent,intercropping and mulching treatments improved the photosynthetic characteristics of maize,and the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)content of paddy maize.There was a certain degree of positive relationship between stomatal conductance(Gs),cellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)and transpiration rate(Tr).The

关 键 词：覆膜方式 间作 玉米 产量 光合特性 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]