跨学科方法论与地理信息公众化:质性GIS研究进展  

Interdisciplinary Methodologies and the Civilianization of Geographic Information:Advances in Qualitative GIS Research

作　　者：王源 赵振斌 WANG Yuan;ZHAO Zhenbin(School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,西安710119

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2025年第1期100-115,共16页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42201245、41971227);陕西省科技计划重点研发计划项目(2023-YBSF-029);陕西省社会科学基金项目(2024J012)。

摘　　要：【意义】地理学的社会-文化转向及其与GIS技术的融合对于深入理解人地关系的复杂性具有重要意义。但在实践过程中,两者间往往存在着难以逾越的学科壁垒,如定性与定量、主观与客观的分歧等。对此,西方地理学界发展出一种能有效弥合上述学科矛盾的跨学科方法,即质性地理信息系统(质性GIS)。本文对质性GIS的研究进展进行梳理与总结,期望为国内地理学的社会文化研究提供新的方法启示,促进学科深入融合发展。【进展】质性GIS源于对传统地理信息技术的批判反思,引入了参与式研究和混合方法研究的方法论思想,一方面强调地理信息的公众化,鼓励公众参与地理信息的生产和使用;另一方面寻求方法论上的突破,发掘GIS处理定性信息的能力,推动在空间视角下形成对社会文化现象的深入理解。质性GIS在城乡空间规划、资源环境管理以及社会边缘群体赋权等领域具有广泛应用。【展望】结合质性GIS当前的发展现状和发展趋势,本文对质性GIS做出如下展望:①在空间认识论层面由“绝对空间”转向“关系空间”;②进一步提高对多种类型数据的包容性;③发掘基于人工智能技术的定性数据批量处理能力;④有机结合互联网技术和深度田野调查,实现规模效率和参与者能动性的权衡;⑤推动质性GIS技术框架走向标准化。[Significance]The social-cultural transformation of geography and its integration with GIS technology are of great significance for gaining a deeper understanding of the complexity of human-land relationships.However,in practice,there are often insurmountable disciplinary barriers between the two fields,such as divergences between qualitative and quantitative methods and subjective versus objective perspectives.To address these challenges,the Western geography community has developed an interdisciplinary approach,known as qualitative GIS,that effectively bridges these disciplinary conflicts.This paper reviews and summarizes the research progress of qualitative GIS,aiming to provide new methodological insights for socio-cultural research in Chinese geographical studies and to promote deeper integration between the disciplines.[Progress]Qualitative GIS originates from a critical reflection on traditional geographic information technology and incorporates the methodological concepts of participatory research and mixed-methods research.On one hand,qualitative GIS emphasizes the democratization of geographic information,encouraging public participation in its production and use.On the other hand,it seeks methodological breakthroughs to enhance GIS's ability to process qualitative data,fostering a deeper understanding of phenomena from a spatial perspective.[Prospect]Based on the current development status and trends of qualitative GIS,this paper makes the following predictions for its future:(i)a shift from absolute space to relational space at the level of spatial epistemology;(ii)improved accommodation of diverse data types;(iii)exploration of the capacity for batch processing of qualitative data using AI technology;(iv)achieving a balance between research efficiency and participants'engagement through the integration of internet technology with in-depth fieldwork;and(v)the development of a standardized technological framework for qualitative GIS.

关 键 词：质性GIS PPGIS 混合方法 参与式研究 质性研究 空间分析 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]