木质素基阻燃剂改性聚氨酯保温材料的制备及性能  

Preparation and properties of lignin-based flame retardant-modified polyurethane insulation materials

作　　者：吴玉涛 王冰冰 田飞宇 陈秀兰 朱春锋 徐信武 WU Yutao;WANG Bingbing;TIAN Feiyu;CHEN Xiulan;ZHU Chunfeng;XU Xinwu(School of Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Dare Wood-Based Panels Group Co.,Ltd.,Danyang 212300,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,林业资源高效利用协同创新中心,南京210037 [2]大亚人造板集团有限公司,丹阳212300

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2025年第1期221-234,共14页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：江苏省科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX23_1183)。

摘　　要：建筑保温材料的阻燃抑烟性能事关消防安全。本文基于聚磷酸铵(APP),针对其界面相容性和抑烟性能差的问题,利用碱木素(AL)、双(4-异氰酸酯基苯基)甲烷(MDI),制备了核壳结构的膨胀型阻燃剂APP@AL(APP∶MDI∶AL质量比为9∶2∶1),并应用于硬质聚氨酯(RPU)泡沫保温材料的阻燃处理(添加量25wt%)。通过SEM-EDS、XPS、FTIR等方法分析APP@AL的结构及组成,采用锥形量热仪(CONE)、热重(TG)等仪器分析了阻燃抑烟性能。结果表明,APP@AL与RPU泡沫基体具有良好的界面相容性。与添加APP的RPU泡沫复合材料相比,APP@AL改性RPU泡沫复合材料的抗压强度显著提高(达31.8%),导热系数降低(7.0%);此外,CONE测试表明,平均放热速率和总放热量分别降低27.2%和24.4%,同时抑烟性能显著增强(总产烟量减少47.6%,总CO产量降低57.0%)。TG分析表明,APP@AL阻燃剂的热稳定性明显高于APP,且更有助于构建稳定的残炭层。综上,木质素基膨胀型阻燃剂对RPU泡沫保温材料具备优异的阻燃抑烟作用。The fire retardant and smoke suppression performance of thermal insulation materials are crucial factors in ensuring building fire safety.In this study,based on ammonium polyphosphate(APP),a intumescent flameretardant APP@AL(Mass ratio APP∶MDI∶AL=9∶2∶1)with core-shell structure was prepared by utilizing alkali lignin(AL)and bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane(MDI)for its poor interfacial compatibility and smoke suppression performance,and applied to the flame-retardant treatment of rigid polyurethane(RPU)thermal insulation materials(25wt%addition).The structure and composition of APP@AL were analyzed by SEM-EDS,XPS and FTIR,and the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties were analyzed by CONE and TG instruments.The results show that APP@AL has excellent interfacial compatibility with the RPU matrix.The compressive strength of the APP@AL-modified RPU foam is significantly increased(up to 31.8%)compared with the APP-added RPU foam and the thermal conductivity is reduced(7.0%).CONE test show that mean heat release rate and total heat release are reduced by 27.2%and 24.4%,respectively,while smoke suppression is notably enhanced(47.6%reduction in total smoke production and 57.0%reduction in total CO production).TG analysis show that the thermal stability of APP@AL flame retardant is obviously higher than that of APP,and it is more beneficial to build a stable residual char layer.In conclusion,lignin-based intumescent flame retardant has excellent flame retardant and smoke suppression effect on RPU foam insulation materials.

关 键 词：保温材料 硬质聚氨酯泡沫 木质素基阻燃剂 核壳结构 抑烟性能 协同阻燃 

分 类 号：TQ328.2[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]