可膨胀石墨与甲基膦酸二甲酯协效阻燃聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯  

Expandable graphite and dimethyl methylphosphonate synergistic flame retardant polymethyl methacrylate

作　　者：徐文总[1] 周耀成 边子唯 宣子怡 余世源 XU Wenzong;ZHOU Yaocheng;BIAN Ziwei;XUAN Ziyi;YU Shiyuan(School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering,Anhui Jianzhu University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑大学材料科学与化学工程学院,合肥230601

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2025年第1期250-262,共13页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：安徽省自然科学联合基金(2208085UM03,2308085UM01);安徽省重点研发计划项目(202304a05020023)。

摘　　要：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)是一种用途广泛的高分子材料,为了改变其易燃烧的缺点,本文采用原位聚合法制备了一系列含甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)和可膨胀石墨(EG)的PMMA复合材料。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、锥形量热仪和垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)研究了其阻燃性能,结果表明在添加10wt%复配阻燃剂,且DMMP与EG的质量比为1∶1时,复合材料5%DMMP-EG/PMMA的阻燃效果最好。样品通过UL-94 V-0评级,与未加阻燃剂的PMMA相比,其LOI从18.1%增加到27.4%。热释放速率峰值(pHRR)显著降低87%,总热释放率(THR)降低33%。动态力学性能测试表明,5%DMMP-EG/PMMA的玻璃化转变温度和储能模量远远高于10%DMMP/PMMA,复配可膨胀石墨可以改善因膦酸酯加入导致的材料变软现象。最后,通过TGIR、不同温度下的红外光谱分析和残炭的拉曼光谱分析了复合材料的阻燃机制,良好的阻燃效果是由于DMMP与EG在气相与凝聚相两相中的协同阻燃作用。Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is a widely used polymer material.In order to change its flammability,a series of PMMA composites containing dimethyl methylphosphonate(DMMP)and expandable graphite(EG)were prepared by in-situ polymerization.The flame retardant properties of PMMA composites were studied by limiting oxygen index(LOI)test,cone calorimeter test and vertical burning test(UL-94).The results show that the flame retardant effect of 5%DMMP-EG/PMMA is the best when 10wt%compound flame retardant is added and the mass ratio of DMMP to EG is 1∶1.The sample passes UL-94 V-0 rating,and its LOI value increases from 18.1%to27.4%compared with PMMA.The peak heat release rate(pHRR)is significantly reduced by 87%,and the total heat release rate(THR)is reduced by 33%.The dynamic mechanical properties test show that the glass transition temperature and storage modulus of 5%DMMP-EG/PMMA are much higher than those of 10%DMMP/PMMA,and the composite expandable graphite can improve the softening of the material caused by the addition of phosphate ester.Finally,the flame retardant mechanism of the composites was analyzed by TG-IR,infrared spectroscopy at different temperatures and Raman spectroscopy of carbon residue.The good flame retardant effect was due to the synergistic flame retardant effect of DMMP and EG in the gas phase and condensed phase.

关 键 词：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 可膨胀石墨 甲基膦酸二甲酯 协效阻燃 阻燃机制 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]