新疆春小麦株高构成因素研究  

Study on the components of plant height in spring wheat in Xinjiang

作　　者：朱长安 郝全有 李前荣 李召锋[4] ZHU Changan;HAO Quanyou;LI Qianrong;LI Zhaofeng(Xinjiang Xinnong Modern Investment and Development Co.,Ltd,Wujiaqu 831300,Xinjiang;Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Third Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tumushuke 844000,Xinjiang;Crop Research Institute,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750000,Ningxia;College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]新疆新农现代投资发展有限公司,新疆五家渠831300 [2]新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆图木舒克844000 [3]宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,宁夏银川750000 [4]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《浙江农业科学》2025年第1期51-56,共6页Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：兵团国际科技合作项目(2019BC003);石河子大学动植物育种专项(YZZX201901,YZZX202202)。

摘　　要：为探明新疆春小麦品种资源株高、各节间长度、株高构成指数及节间构成指数在不同生态条件下的表现及与产量构成因素的关系,为新疆春小麦异地选择及株型改良提供参考,调查了40份新疆春小麦品种资源在新疆石河子、宁夏永宁和云南元谋3种环境条件下的12个株高相关性状,分析了不同试点间性状的相关性及株高构成因素与产量性状的关系。结果表明,不同试点间株高差异显著,永宁试点小麦株高及各节间长度显著高于石河子。倒1~5节节间长依次为36.21、19.97、12.70、8.14和4.16 cm,分别占株高的39.81%、21.96%、13.97%、8.95%和4.57%。株高构成指数平均为0.62,倒1~4节间构成指数分别为0.64、0.64、0.61和0.67。12个性状的广义遗传力由大到小排序依次为倒1节间构成指数>倒1节间长>倒2节间长>穗长>株高>倒2节间构成指数>倒4节间长>倒3节间长>倒3节间构成指数>株高构成指数>倒4节间构成指数>倒5节间长。株高、穗长、倒1节间长、倒2节间长、倒4节间长、倒1节间构成指数在3种环境间呈显著或极显著正相关。在石河子试点,倒1节间长与穗长及穗粒重呈显著和极显著正相关,在永宁试点,倒2节间长与小穗数和穗粒数呈显著负相关。在3种生态条件下穿梭育种时可对株高进行有效选择,适度增加倒1节间长度有利于进一步挖掘新疆春小麦产量潜力。To explore the plant height,internode length,plant height component index and internodes component index in different ecological environments of Xinjiang spring wheat germplasm resources,and the relationship between plant height components and yield traits,and to provide a reference for shuttle breeding and plant type improvement,40 spring wheat varieties from Xinjiang were selected for agronomic trait investigation.They were planted in three different ecological environments(Shihezi in Xinjiang,Yongning in Ningxia,and Yuanmou in Yunnan),and 12 plant height and yield-related traits were surveyed and analyzed.There were significant difference in plant height among different test sites and the plant height and internode length of wheat in Yongning was significantly higher than that in Shihezi.The first to the fifth internode length were 36.21,19.97,12.70,8.14 and 4.16 cm,respectively,which accounting for 39.81%,21.96%,13.97%,8.95%and 4.57%of plant height.The average plant height composition index was 0.62,and the first to fourth internode composition index was 0.64,0.64,0.61 and 0.67,respectively.The estimated broad sense heritability of 12 traits was in descending order:first internode composition index>first internode length>second internode length>panicle length>plant height>second internode composition index>fourth internode length>third internode length>third internode composition index>plant height composition index>fourth internode composition index>fifth internode length.Plant height,spike length,first internode length,second internode length,fourth internode length and first internode composition index showed significantly or extremely significant positive correlation among the three environments.In Shihezi,the first internode length was significantly positively correlated with spike length,and was extremely significantly positively correlated with grain weight per spike.In Yongning,the second internode length was significantly negatively correlated with spikelet number and grains per spike.The plant heigh

关 键 词：春小麦 株高 株型性状 产量性状 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]