微生物菌剂对土壤微生物及烤烟产量和质量的影响  

Effects of microbial agents on soil microorganisms and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：刘建军 曹安全 彭玖华 王利祥 陈和青 杨再军 张丰收[2] 薛刚[2] LIU Jianjun;CAO Anquan;PENG Jiuhua;WANG Lixiang;CHEN Heqing;YANG Zaijun;ZHANG Fengshou;XUE Gang(Chongqing Wushan Branch,China Tobacco Corporation,Chongqing 404700;Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan)

机构地区：[1]中国烟草总公司重庆市巫山分公司,重庆404700 [2]河南农业大学,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《浙江农业科学》2025年第1期79-85,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重庆市公司科技计划项目(B2021NY1309)。

摘　　要：由于巫山烤烟土壤资源限制,不利于连作,加之化学肥料的大量施用及有机肥施用不足,导致烟草黑胫病和青枯病等土传病害普遍发生。为此,本试验探究微生物菌剂对巫山烤烟主要病害及产量和质量的影响,以防治巫山烤烟黑胫病和青枯病,为巫山烟区优质烤烟生产提供技术支撑。采用完全随机区组设计,试验设置4个处理,即CK,当地常规施肥;T1,每667 m^(2)增施7.5 kg海藻甲壳素精钾,兑水稀释,每株灌根1.35 kg;T2,增施套装肥(每667 m^(2)增施1.5 kg黄腐酸钾、1.0 kg枯草哈茨木霉菌、1.5 kg枯草芽孢杆菌),兑水稀释,每株灌根1.35 kg;T3,每667 m^(2)增施5.0 kg三合一抑菌复合剂,兑水稀释,每株灌根1.35 kg。3次重复,微生物菌剂与第一次追肥时一起施入。结果表明,施用微生物菌剂处理能提高烤烟中期植烟土壤真菌数量和后期细菌数量;T1处理能有效改善烟株农艺性状,增加最大叶面积,比对照提高了60.94%;T1处理烟株黑胫病发病率均低于其他处理,烟株青枯病发病率在60~90 d时均以T1处理最低;T1处理烟叶外观质量和感官质量总分均最高,分别比对照高了6.5分和6.0分;化学成分含量适宜,协调性好;提高了烤烟经济性状,其中T1处理产值比对照高了4822.49元·hm^(-2),上等烟比例比对照提高了4.66百分点。总体而言,每667 m^(2)增施7.5 kg海藻甲壳素精钾的T1处理能改变植烟土壤真菌和细菌数量,改善烟株农艺性状,增加株高和叶面积,显著降低烟株黑胫病发病率和青枯病发病率,提高烟叶外观质量和感官质量,化学成分含量适宜,协调性好,产量和产值增加,烟叶等级结构提高。The limited soil resources of flue-cured tobacco in Wushan are not good for continuous cultivation,coupled with the extensive use of chemical fertilizer and insufficient use of organic fertilizer,resulting in the common occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as tobacco black shank disease and bacterial wilt disease.Therefore,this study explored the effects of microbial agents on the main diseases and production quality of flue-cured tobacco in Wushan,in order to prevent and control tobacco black shank disease and bacterial wilt disease,and provide technical support for the production of highquality flue-cured tobacco in Wushan tobacco area.A completely randomized block design was adopted,and four treatments were set up,namely CK,with local conventional fertilization;T1,with 7.5 kg of seaweed chitin refined potassium per 667 m^(2) was added,diluted with water,and 1.35 kg per plant was irrigated;T2,with package fertilizer(1.5 kg potassium xanthohumate,1.0 kg trichoderma harzianum,and 1.5 kg bacillus subtilis per 667 m^(2)),dilute with water,and 1.35 kg per plant was irrigated;T3,with 5.0 kg of three-in-one antibacterial compound per 667 m^(2) was added,diluted with water,and 1.35 kg per plant was irrigated.For three repetitions,the microbial inoculant was applied together with the first topdressing.The results showed that the application of microbial inoculants could increase the number of fungi in the soil in the middle period and the number of bacteria in the later period.T1 treatment could effectively improve the agronomic traits of tobacco plants and increase the tobacco maximum leaf area by 60.94%compared with the control.The incidence of black shank disease in T1 treatment was lower than that in other treatments.The incidence of bacterial wilt disease in T1 treatment was the lowest at 60-90 d.The total scores of appearance quality and sensory quality of tobacco leaves treated by T1 were the highest,which were 6.5 points and 6.0 points higher than that of control,respectively.The content of chemical compositio

关 键 词：微生物菌剂 土壤微生物 病害 产量和质量 烤烟 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]