不同施氮量和施氮时期对玉米氮素利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Stages and Periods of Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen use Efficiency in Maize

作　　者：杨明伟 YANG Mingwei(North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou,Henan 450046)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学水利学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《现代农业研究》2025年第3期13-17,共5页Modern Agriculture Research

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目“河南省沿黄地区水-能源-粮食耦合系统协调性研究及应用”(项目编号:22A570004)。

摘　　要：为探究河南省引黄灌区夏玉米适宜的氮肥管理模式,本研究于河南省夏玉米主产区进行田间定点试验,设置3个水平施氮量和3组追氮时期,分别为120 kg/hm^(2)(N120)、220 kg/hm^(2)(N220)、320 kg/hm^(2)(N320)以及拔节期(P1)、喇叭口期(P2)、开花期(P3),研究施氮量与施氮时期对夏玉米水氮运移的影响。结果表明:不同施氮水平与施氮时期下各试验小区的土壤含水率变化基本一致,施加氮肥可以促进根系的吸水能力从而导致各土层的平均含水率出现变化。不同施氮时期会影响硝态氮峰值出现的时间,增加氮肥施用量能提高土壤中的硝态氮含量。施氮时期一定时,氮肥回收率和氮肥利用效率随着施氮量的增加而减少,氮肥回收率在施氮量为120 kg/hm^(2)和220 kg/hm^(2)时相差不大,平均仅差2.94%。In order to investigate the appropriate nitrogen fertilizer management mode for summer maize in the yellow river irrigation Area of Henan Province,in this study,field experiments were conducted in the main summer maize producing areas of Henan Province,with three levels of nitrogen application and three groups of nitrogen chasing periods,namely,120 kg/hm^(2)(N120),220 kg/hm^(2)(N220),320 kg/hm^(2)(N320),as well as at the pulling stage(P1),the trumpet stage(P2),and flowering stage(P3),to study the effects of N application and N application period on water and N transport in summer maize.The results showed that the changes in soil water content were basically the same in all the experimental plots under different N application levels and N application periods,and the application of N fertilizer could promote the water absorption capacity of the root system and thus lead to changes in the average water content of each soil layer.Different nitrogen application periods will affect the time of the nitrate nitrogen peak,and increasing nitrogen fertilizer application will increase the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil.Nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency decreased with the increase of nitrogen application at a certain period of nitrogen application,and the difference of nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate was not big between 120 kg/hm^(2)and 220 kg/hm^(2),with an average difference of only 2.94%.

关 键 词：夏玉米 氮肥管理模式 氮素指标 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]