猕猴桃溃疡病菌的鉴定与生物源杀菌剂的筛选  

Identification of Kiwifruit Canker Disease and Screening of Biological Source Bactericides

作　　者：甘露 郭桐羽 朱辰辉 张家林 汤顺 明玉莲 王锋尖 GAN-Lu;GUO Tong-yu;ZHU Chen-hui;TANG-Shun;ZHANG Jia-lin;MING Yu-lian;WANG Feng-jian(School Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Hanjiang Normal University,Shiyan 442000,China;Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Shiyan Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment Protection,Hanjiang Normal University,Shiyan 442000,China)

机构地区：[1]汉江师范学院化学与环境工程学院,湖北十堰442000 [2]广西大学,广西南宁530004 [3]汉江师范学院生物资源与生态环境保护十堰市重点实验室,湖北十堰442000

出　　处：《汉江师范学院学报》2024年第6期15-21,共7页Journal of Hanjiang Normal University

基　　金：湖北省重点研发项目“多倍体高蛋白富营养特色水稻品种选育”(项目编号:2022BBA032);湖北省教育厅科学研究计划项目“秦巴山区特色植物药用活性的筛选及植物源杀虫剂的开发”(项目编号:Q20213103);汉江师范学院重大专题研究项目“鄂西地区野生食用菌营养品质的综合评价”(项目编号:XJ2022S03);汉江师范学院生物学重点学科建设项目;汉江师范学院2024年省级大学生创新训练计划项目(项目编号:S202410518003)。

摘　　要：对溃疡病重发地秦巴山区猕猴桃进行病样采集、病原菌分离,结合菌落形态特征及16S rRNA基因序列鉴定病原菌为丁香假单胞杆菌猕猴桃致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidae,PSA).采用牛津杯法对46种药用植物及药食用菌针对该病原菌的抑菌能力予以测定,结果表明,无患子、白及和黄连的醇提取物抑菌圈直径均超过18mm,其中白及的最低抑菌浓度低至15.63mg/mL,黄连的杀菌效果最佳,其最低杀菌浓度为31.25mg/mL.另外还对无患子、白及和黄连进行复配实验并计算FIC指数,结果显示无患子与黄连联用时呈协同增效作用.探究其增效机制,发现无患子富含黄酮类、皂苷类化合物,黄连则含有丰富的黄酮类及生物碱成分.Kiwifruit canker disease is a serious threat to the kiwifruit industry,invading through natural openings or wounds of plants and causing ulcers on branches and necrosis of flowers and leaves.In this study,samples of the disease were collected from a severely affected area in the kiwifruit planting base in the Qinba Mountainous Region,and the pathogen was isolated and identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidae(PSA)based on colony morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequence.The antibacterial activity of 46 medicinal plants and edible fungi against this pathogen was determined by using Oxford Cup method.The results showed that the alcohol extracts of Sapindus mukorossi,Coptis chinensis,and Bletilla striata all had inhibition zones larger than 18mm,among which the minimum inhibitory concentration of Bletilla striata was as low as 15.63 mg/mL,and Coptis chinensis had the best bactericidal effect with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 31.25 mg/mL.Further combination experiments were conducted on Sapindus mukorossi,Bletilla striata,and Coptis chinensis,and the FIC index was calculated.The results indicated that the combination of Sapindus mukorossi and Coptis chinensis showed a synergistic effect.Through in-depth exploration of its synergistic mechanism,it was found that Sapindus mukorossi was rich in flavonoids and saponins,while Coptis chinensis contains abundant flavonoids and alkaloids.This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the development of new fungicides for kiwifruit canker disease and contributes to the improvement and development of disease control technologies in the kiwifruit industry.

关 键 词：猕猴桃溃疡病 生物源杀菌剂 复配 抑制作用 

分 类 号：S436.634.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]