PandaX-xT——A deep underground multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon observatory  

作　　者：Abdusalam Abdukerim Zihao Bo Wei Chen Xun Chen Chen Cheng Zhaokan Cheng Xiangyi Cui Yingjie Fan Deqing Fang Lisheng Geng Karl Giboni Linhui Gu Xunan Guo Xuyuan Guo Zhichao Guo Chencheng Han Ke Han Changda He Jinrong He Di Huang Junting Huang Zhou Huang Ruquan Hou Yu Hou Xiangdong Ji Yonglin Ju Chenxiang Li Jiafu Li Mingchuan Li Shuaijie Li Tao Li Qing Lin Jianglai Liu Congcong Lu Xiaoying Lu Lingyin Luo Yunyang Luo Wenbo Ma Yugang Ma Yajun Mao Yue Meng Xuyang Ning Binyu Pang Ningchun Qi Zhicheng Qian Xiangxiang Ren Nasir Shaheed Xiaofeng Shang Xiyuan Shao Guofang Shen Lin Si Wenliang Sun Yi Tao Anqing Wang Meng Wang Qiuhong Wang Shaobo Wang Siguang Wang Wei Wang Xiuli Wang Xu Wang Zhou Wang Yuehuan Wei Mengmeng Wu Weihao Wu Yuan Wu Mengjiao Xiao Xiang Xiao Binbin Yan Xiyu Yan Yong Yang Chunxu Yu Ying Yuan Zhe Yuan Youhui Yun Xinning Zeng Minzhen Zhang Peng Zhang Shibo Zhang Shu Zhang Tao Zhang Wei Zhang Yang Zhang Yingxin Zhang Yuanyuan Zhang Li Zhao Jifang Zhou Ning Zhou Xiaopeng Zhou Yong Zhou Yubo Zhou Zhizhen Zhou 

机构地区：[1]New Cornerstone Science Laboratory,Tsung-Dao Lee Institute,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China [2]School of Physics and Astronomy,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MoE),Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology,Shanghai 200240,China [3]Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute,Chengdu 610213,China [4]School of Physics,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China [5]Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China [6]Department of Physics,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,China [7]Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE),Institute of Modern Physics,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China [8]School of Physics,Beihang University,Beijing 102206,China [9]Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China [10]Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics,Beihang University,Beijing 102206,China [11]Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory(SCNT),Institute of Modern Physics,Chinesen Academy of Sciences,Huizhou 516000,China [12]Yalong River Hydropower Development Company,Ltd.,Chengdu 610051,China [13]School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China [14]Department of Physics,University of Maryland,College Park,Maryland 20742,USA [15]State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China [16]Department of Modern Physics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China [17]Research Center for Particle Science and Technology,Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China [18]Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation of Ministry of Education,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China [19]State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China [20]Scho

出　　处：《Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)》2025年第2期105-120,共16页中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学(英文版)

基　　金：supported by the Office of Science and Technology,Shanghai Municipal Government(Grant Nos.23JC1410200,and 22JCJC1410200);the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2023YFA1606200);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1209060,12005131,11905128,11925502,12222505,and 12175139);support from Double First Class Plan of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University;the Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Experimental Platform Development Fund;the sponsorship from the Hongwen Foundation in Hong Kong;Tencent;New Cornerstone Science Foundation in China;Yangyang Development Fund。

摘　　要：We propose a major upgrade to the existing PandaX-4T experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory.The new experiment,PandaX-xT,will be a multi-ten-tonne liquid xenon,ultra-low background,and general-purpose observatory.The full-scaled PandaX-xT contains a 43-t liquid xenon active target.Such an experiment will significantly advance our fundamental understanding of particle physics and astrophysics.The sensitivity of dark matter direct detection will be improved by nearly two orders of magnitude compared to the current best limits,approaching the so-called“neutrino floor”for a dark matter mass above 10 GeV/c^(2),providing a key test to the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle paradigm.By searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay of^(136)Xe isotope in the detector,the effective Majorana neutrino mass can be measured to a 10-41 meV/c^(2) sensitivity,providing a key test to the Dirac/Majorana nature of neutrinos.Astrophysical neutrinos and other ultra-rare interactions can also be measured and searched for with an unprecedented background level,opening up new windows of discovery.Depending on the findings,PandaX-xT will seek the next stage upgrade utilizing isotopic separation of natural xenon.

关 键 词：dark matter neutrino less double beta decay astrophysical neutrinos liquid xenon 

分 类 号：P112[天文地球—天文学]