植物miRNA沉默技术研究进展与应用  

Advancements andapplications ot lantmiRNAsilencingtechnology

作　　者：匡明珠 刘影 陶绮 雷子逸 余泓漾 宋剑波 KUANG Mingzhu;LIU Ying;TAO Qi;LEI Ziyi;YU Hongyang;SONG Jianbo(College of Bioscience and Bioengineering,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学生物科学与工程学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2025年第1期12-20,共9页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060069和32260068);江西省自然科学基金(20212ACB215004)。

摘　　要：MicroRNA (miRNA)是一类短链内源性非编码RNA分子,在植物中主要通过介导靶RNA的切割或翻译抑制来调控基因表达。为了深入剖析miRNA的功能及其错综复杂的调控网络,科研人员亟需一种既广泛适用又具备高度特异性的阻断策略。近年来,在植物科学领域内,针对miRNA沉默的特异性靶向技术取得了显著进展。这些技术主要包括靶标模拟(TM)、短串联靶标模拟(STTM)以及分子海绵(SP)三种。这些技术不仅丰富了我们对miRNA作用机制的理解,而且在实际应用中展现出了强大的潜力,为揭示miRNA在植物生长发育、逆境响应等过程中的功能机制提供了不可或缺的支持。本文对这些技术的发展历程、作用机制和实际应用进行了综述,对技术之间的优缺点进行了比较,并对今后miRNA沉默技术的研究做出了展望。MicroRNA(miRNA)is a type of short-chain endogenous non-coding RNA molecules that regulates gene expression in plants mainly by mediating the cleavage or translational inhibition of tar-get RNA.to deeply analyze the function of miRNA and its intricate regulatory network,researchers ur-gently need a blocking strategy that is both widely applicable and highly specific.In recent years,sig-nificant progress has been made in specific targeting technologies for miRNA silencing in the field of plant science.These technologies mainly include three methods:target mimicry(TM),short tandem target mimicry(STTM),and sponges(SP).These methods not only enrich our understanding of the mechanism of action of miRNA,but also show strong potential in practical applications,providing in-dispensable technical support for revealing the functional mechanism of miRNA in plant growth and development,stress response and other processes.This paper reviews the development history,mechanism of action and practical applications of these technologies,compares the advantages and disadvantages between the technologies,and makes an outlook for future research on miRNA silenc-ingtechnology.

关 键 词：MIRNA 靶标模拟 短串联靶标模拟 分子海绵 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]