大花无柱兰开花特性与繁育系统研究  

Flowering characteristics and breeding system of Amitostigma pinguicula

作　　者：张秀娟 何安国 金水虎[1] ZHANG Xiujuan;HE Anguo;JIN Shuihu(College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Administration of Zhejiang Dapanshan National Natural Reserve,Pan'an,Zhejiang 322300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,杭州311300 [2]浙江省大盘山国家级自然保护区管理局,浙江磐安322300

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2025年第1期21-28,共8页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：浙江省野生兰科植物资源专项调查(2021070703)。

摘　　要：通过野外观测并记录大花无柱兰(Amitostigma pinguicula)的开花进程及花部特征,测定花粉活力与柱头可授性,估算杂交指数,初步评判大花无柱兰繁育系统类型,并通过人工控制授粉试验进行验证,为大花无柱兰的杂交育种提供理论依据。结果表明:大花无柱兰3月—4月份开花,群体花期29 d,单花花期11~26 d。开花当天柱头即具有可授性,柱头可授性持续期为15 d左右。花粉活力在花朵开放第3天时最高(92.44%),至花朵凋谢之前仍有活力(26.49%)。花药高于柱头且两者之间存在隔离,杂交指数为4;人工去雄套袋、开花前套袋授粉结实率为0%;人工自花授粉、异花授粉结实率为91.43%和94.29%。可以判断大花无柱兰的繁育系统为需要传粉者传粉的自交和异交混合的繁育系统,不存在无融合生殖现象。Through field observations and recording of the flowering process and floral characteristics of Amitostigma pinguicula,the vitality of pollen and stigma receptivity were determined,and the hybridization index was estimated.Preliminary assessment of the breeding system type for A.pinguicula was carried out,and artificial pollination experiments were conducted for validation,providing theoretical basis for hy-brid breeding of A.pinguicula.Results show that A.pinguicula flowers from March to April,with a flowering period of 29 days for the population and 11-26 days for individual flowers.The stigma is receptive on the day of flowering and remains receptive for about 15 days.Pollen vitality is highest on the third day of flow-ering(92.44%)and still present before the flower withers(26.49%).Anther is higher than the stigma and there is a barrier between them,with a hybridization index of 4.The fruit set rate for artificial emasculation and bagging before flowering is 0%;fruit set rates for artificial self-pollination and cross-pollination are 91.43%and 94.29%,respectively.It can be concluded that A.pinguicula breeding system is a mixed mating system of self-pollination and cross-pollination that required pollinators to mix.

关 键 词：大花无柱兰 繁育系统 花粉活力 花部特征 柱头可授性 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]