超声速民机推进系统发展趋势及难点分析  

Development trend and difficulty analysis of supersonic civil aircraft propulsion system

作　　者：刘传凯[1] 王家俊 霍满 丁水汀[1] 董昊宇 杜慧鹏 许全宏[1] 杜林[1] LIU Chuankai;WANG Jiajun;HUO Man;DING Shuiting;DONG Haoyu;DU Huipeng;XU Quanhong;DU Lin(Research Institute of Aero-Engine,Beihang University,Beijing 102206,China;Beiing Aircraft Technology Research Institute,Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Limited,Beijing 102211,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学航空发动机研究院,北京102206 [2]中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心,北京102211

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2025年第1期205-217,共13页Journal of Aerospace Power

基　　金：航空发动机及燃气轮机基础科学中心项目(P2021-A-Ⅰ-001-001);北京航空航天大学博士研究生卓越学术基金。

摘　　要：未来超声速民机具有客观市场前景,经济性、环保型、舒适性兼备的推进系统研制是其关键。梳理了超声速民机的整体发展情况;对比分析了超声速民机动力系统在低油耗、低噪声、低排放方面与亚声速民机动力系统的设计区别与挑战;剖析了目前涡喷构型、中涵道比涡扇构型、变循环构型发动机在作为超声速民机动力系统的优势及瓶颈;分析了油耗、排放、噪声难以兼顾的内在原理。研究提出了通过提升发动机通流能力来兼顾油耗、噪声、排放三大难题的思路,并从低压涡轮功受限和内涵道通流面积受限两方面剖析了限制目前发动机通流能力的主要原因;还提出了须在变循环发动机气动热力布局原始创新的基础上,发展性能、排放、噪声一体化设计与评估方法,支撑实现未来超声速客机推进系统油耗水平、排放水平、噪声水平同步提升的发展思路,为超声速民机动力系统研制提供参考和支撑。The supersonic civil aircraft has objective market prospect in the future,and the key lies in development of propulsion system with economy,environmental protection and comfort.The overall development of supersonic civil aircraft was analyzed.The design differences and challenges of supersonic civil aircraft propulsion system with low fuel consumption,low noise and low emission were compared and analyzed with those of subsonic civil aircraft propulsion system.The advantages and bottlenecks of turbojet configuration,medium-bypass turbofan configuration and variable cycle configuration engines as supersonic civil aircraft propulsion systems were discussed in detail.The internal principle of difficulty in taking into full account the fuel consumption,emission and noise was analyzed.An idea of taking fuel consumption,noise and emission into full account by improving engine flow capacity was put forward,and the main reasons for limiting the current engine flow capacity were analyzed from two aspects:lowpressure turbine work limitation and inner bypass flow area limitation.Finally,based on the original innovation of aero-thermal layout of variable cycle engine,for the purpose of providing reference and support for the development of supersonic civil aircraft propulsion system,the integrated design and evaluation methods for performance,emission and noise should be developed to support the development idea of realizing simultaneous development of future supersonic civil aircraft propulsion system’s fuel consumption level,emission level and noise level.

关 键 词：超声速民机 推进系统 低油耗 低噪声 低排放 

分 类 号：V231[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]