人口高质量发展视阈下女性人口的发展现状、问题与对策研究——基于七次全国人口普查数据的分析  

Development of Female Population,Related Issues and Countermeasures from the Perspective of High Quality Population Development:Analysis Based on the National Population Censuses

作　　者：杨菊华 李延宇 王苏苏 Yang Juhua;Li Yanyu;Wang Susu

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学人口与民族发展研究中心 [2]中国人民大学人口与健康学院 [3]山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版)

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2025年第1期7-22,共16页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“人口规模巨大的现代化:时空特征、机遇挑战与路径机制研究”(编号:23ZDA019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：性别平等和妇女全面发展是社会文明进步的标志,也是人口高质量发展的内在要求。文章基于历次全国人口普查资料,分析了新中国成立以来女性人口的特征与发展趋势、面临的主要问题与挑战,提出了新时代促进女性及总人口高质量发展的思路。研究指出,新中国成立以来,尤其是改革开放后,女性人口的占比有所上升,在一定程度上缓解了性别结构失衡问题;女性人力资本持续提高,为经济社会发展做出了重要贡献。当前,男多女少的性别结构失衡问题依然存在;受生育率快速下降的累积影响,2010年起育龄妇女规模开始下降,老龄、高龄女性规模则快速增长;农村女性的人力资本水平仍然偏低,女性就业比例出现明显下降。基于这些现状,推动女性人口高质量发展亟须大力营造良好的婚育及家庭环境,发掘女性人力资源和人力资本潜能,提高农村妇女的资本禀赋,积极应对人口老龄化进程中女性快速高龄化趋势的挑战,推动各类女性人口的全面发展与福祉改善。Gender equity and women's full development are important symbols of social civilization and progress,as also implied in the high-quality population development.Based on the data of national population censuses in China,this paper systematically analyzes the female population development since the foundation of the People's Republic of China,emphatically discusses the main issues and challenges encountered,and puts forward to countermeasures promoting a high-quality development of both female and the entire population.We find that during the past several decades,especially since the reform and opening up,the proportion of female population in the total population has shown an upward trend,which has contributed to promote a balanced gender structure.Women's human capital improves progressively,providing important human resources for economic and social development.Recently,marrying later,having children later,and having fewer children have become the main choices for young women.In addition,the female population at reproductive ages in China has begun to decline since 2010,and gender imbalance remains prominent in the population.The employment rate continues to decline for females,and the human capital of rural women is rather low.The population of female elderly continues to increase,with increasingly prominent demands for old-age supporting.Therefore,to promote a high-quality development of female population,it is imperative to create a family-friendly environment for marriage and childbirth,tap into the potential of female human resources and improve the human capital of rural women,prepare for the old-age supporting with a gendered perspective,and promote a full development of all females.

关 键 词：女性人口 女性发展 人口高质量发展 中国式现代化 人口普查 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学] D669.68[政治法律—政治学]