精子表观遗传变化介导的父系代际遗传  

Paternal inheritance mediated by epigenetic changes in sperms

作　　者：胡也娜 王韦力 涂超峰 林戈 胡亮 谭跃球 Hu Yena;Wang Weili;Tu Chaofeng;Lin Ge;Hu Liang;Tan Yueqiu(Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410078,China;Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya,Changsha,Hunan 410008,China;College of Life Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学基础医学院生殖与干细胞工程研究所,长沙410078 [2]中信湘雅生殖与遗传专科医院,长沙410008 [3]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《中华医学遗传学杂志》2025年第1期114-121,共8页Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics

摘　　要：表观遗传学是基因组与环境作用的纽带,能够响应生理(如年龄等)或环境变化(如饮食、压力和污染等)在表观遗传修饰(如DNA甲基化、非编码RNA和组蛋白修饰等)上产生改变,并能够作为细胞记忆传递给下一代。精子能够高度响应生理/环境变化,并具有独特的表观遗传图谱。由精子表观遗传变化介导的父系代际遗传与后代健康之间的关系密切,也是备受关注的健康问题。本综述在阐述父系代际遗传的表观遗传学机制的基础上,总结了人和小鼠精子表观遗传变化介导的父系代际遗传的研究进展,以充分理解生理或环境变化导致的父系表观遗传改变及其与后代健康的关系,为临床咨询和干预提供依据。Epigenetics is the link between the genome and environment,which can respond to physiological(such as age)or environmental factors(such as diet,stress,and pollution)and induce changes in epigenetic modifications(such as DNA methylation,non-coding RNA,and histone modifications).It can also serve as cellular memory transmitted from generation to generation.Sperm is highly responsive to such environmental changes and has unique epigenetic profiles.The paternal inter-/trans-generational inheritance mediated by sperm epigenetic changes is closely related to the health of offspring,which is an issue of great concern.This review has summarized the epigenetic mechanisms of paternal inter-/trans-generational inheritance and recent studies on the paternal inheritance mediated by sperm epigenetic changes in human and mice,which may facilitate understanding of the relationship between paternal epigenetic changes and the health of offspring caused by physiological or environmental changes and provide a basis for genetic counseling and clinical intervention.

关 键 词：精子表观遗传 父系代际遗传 DNA甲基化 非编码RNA 组蛋白修饰 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]