基础教育与农村共同富裕:实施义务教育法对农村发展的长期影响  

Basic Education and Common Prosperity in Rural Areas:The Long-term Impact of the Implementation of the Compulsory Education Law on the Development of Rural Areas

作　　者：徐航天 陈娜娜 闵奕 Xu Hangtian;Chen Nana;Min Yi

机构地区：[1]湖南大学经济与贸易学院 [2]英国伯明翰大学商学院

出　　处：《财经科学》2025年第1期136-148,共13页Finance & Economics

摘　　要：基础教育在推动以乡村振兴为重难点的农村共同富裕方面发挥着不可替代的先导作用。本文基于2010年人口普查和2011年中国家庭金融调查数据,实证考察了20世纪80年代义务教育法的实施对基础教育普及水平偏低的丘陵/山区地区农村人力资本积累和收入差距的长期影响。利用双重差分的识别策略,研究发现:第一,与其他省份农村相比,义务教育法显著促进了农村的人力资本积累,表现为受影响个体未初中毕业概率下降5.2个百分点,该效应约为城市地区的6.7倍。第二,丘陵/山区省份与其他省份之间及其省内城乡之间的收入差距得以缩小,主要机制为更高教育水平带来的农业向非农就业的转移和跨省跨市流动概率的增加。然而,尽管基础教育对共同富裕的积极作用在本文得到证实,但考虑到其中机制多涉及农村劳动力的转移与流出,该作用能否在真正意义上激发乡村振兴的内生动力仍有待验证。Basic education plays an indispensable pioneering role in promoting common prosperity in rural China,with rural revital⁃ization as the core focus.Based on data from the 2010 Population Census and the 2011 China Household Finance Survey,this paper empirically examines the long-term impact of the Compulsory Education Law implemented in the 1980s on human capital accumula⁃tion and income disparity in hilly/mountainous regions,where the level of basic education penetration was low at the time.Using a difference-in-differences identification strategy,the findings are as follows.First,the Compulsory Education Law significantly pro⁃motes human capital accumulation in rural areas of hilly/mountainous provinces when compared to others,as evidenced by the fact that the probability of individuals affected by this law not graduating from junior school relatively decreases by 5.2 percentage points,which is about 6.7 times the magnitude of that in urban areas.Second,the income disparity is narrowed between hilly/mountainous provinces and other provinces,as well as between urban and rural areas within the provinces,where an increase in the probability of rural non-farm employment and inter-municipal mobility(all of these are brought by the higher level of educational attainment).However,although this paper confirms the positive impact of basic education on common prosperity,it remains to be verified whether it can truly stimulate the endogenous impetus for rural revitalization,given that the major mechanism involves rural population out⁃flows.

关 键 词：共同富裕 义务教育法 人力资本积累 人口流动 

分 类 号：F304.8[经济管理—产业经济]