汉晋考古学材料中牧团组织的识别  

Identification of Pastoral Band Organization from Han and Jin Period Archaeological Data

作　　者：郑君雷[1] 邓鑫 Zheng Junlei;Deng Xin

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史人类学研究中心,广州市510275

出　　处：《考古》2025年第1期101-109,共9页Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项项目“秦汉统一多民族国家形成过程的考古学研究”(项目编号LSYZD21018)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文献史料述及北方游牧部族的社会组织,出现最频繁的是大小不一的部落,对于游牧遗存的考古学研究也多在此层面展开。不过在游牧社会研究中,一些学者更关注在游牧生计中能够“最有效地利用分散且经常变化的水、草资源,并及时逃辟各种风险”的“最小的人群单位”,即家庭与牧团[1],因为部落更具有政治群体的属性。通过分析墓地、图像和“蛮夷印章”,汉晋时期北方游牧遗存中也可以见到牧团存在的线索。The pastoral band was a universal form of social organization amongst Eurasian Steppe nomadic pastoralists.Features such as male burial-centered tomb alignment,an approximately equal ratio of male and female burials within specific areas,and clusters of adult male-female joint burials indicate burial customs of the northern nomads of the Han-Jin period,where burial units were typically composed of multiple family tombs.These patterns reflect the organization of pastoral bands.Additional evidence from iconographic material and government official seals also may provide clues about pastoral bands and their leaders.Identification of evidence of pastoral bands offers a new interpretive perspective for further studies on remains of northern nomadic pastoralists.

关 键 词：汉晋时期 牧团 墓地结构 穹庐图像 职官印章 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]