日本的“紧急事态改宪”动向  

On Japan's"Kinkyujitai Kaiken"

作　　者：邱静[1] Qiu Jing

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京100872

出　　处：《日本研究》2024年第3期46-60,共15页Japan Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“日本改宪动向及其对中日关系影响研究”(项目编号:18BGJ034)。

摘　　要：近年来,日本自民党以应对疫情、灾害等为借口,加紧推进“紧急事态改宪”。作为“摆脱战后体制”图谋的重要一环,“紧急事态改宪”有意利用民众担忧,谋求自卫队扩限和行政机关扩权,不但同时有悖《日本国宪法》三大原则,体现出其对日本、对《大日本帝国宪法》及军国主义体制缺乏必要的反思,而且对内意味着对人道主义精神的严重背离,对外意味着对和平共生秩序的现实挑战,其重要性和影响力绝不亚于修改宪法第九条问题。作为自民党四项改宪案的核心内容之一,“紧急事态改宪”有可能成为日本保守改宪势力推进明文改宪的突破方向。但自民党各派、公明党及其他政界人士中存在质疑之声,在野党、学界和国民各界的反对运动亦可能对其起到一定遏制作用。In recent years,the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan(LDP)has speeding up its efforts to revise the Constitution of Japan,focusing on"Kinkyujitai Kaiken"(to add articles on"state of emergency"into the Constitution).In order to"get rid of the post-war system","Kinkyujitai Kaiken"takes advantage of the public's worry,seeking to loose the limits of the Self-Defense Forces and expand the powers of the executive branch,which not only violates the three principles of the Constitution of Japan,but also reflects a lack of the necessary reflection on the system of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan."Kinkyujitai Kaiken"internally means a serious deviation from the humanitarian spirit,and externally means a challenge to the principle ofpeace and coexistence.To a certain extent,"Kinkyujitai Kaiken"is in no way less influential than the issue of Article 9.As one of the core contents of the LDP's four constitutionrevision proposals,"Kinkyujitai Kaiken"is likely to become a breakthrough direction for Japan's conservative politicians to push forward constitution-revision.However,there are also voices of skepticism even among the LDP factions,the Komeito and other politicians,and the opposition movementsby the Japanese opposition parties,academics and the common citizens may also play a role in containing"Kinkyujitai Kaiken".

关 键 词：日本宪法 “紧急事态” “紧急事态改宪” 

分 类 号：D83[政治法律—政治学] D87[政治法律—外交学]