2022—2023年上海市奉贤区急性呼吸道感染病原体流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of pathogens of acute respiratory tract infection in Fengxian District,Shanghai from 2022 to 2023

作　　者：刘梅花 王环茹 胡屹[3] 谢晓红[1] 陶力新 刘晨安 吴梅 方颖 赵宏伟 LIU Meihua;WANG Huanru;HU Yi;XIE Xiaohong;TAO Lixin;LIU Chen’an;WU Mei;FANG Ying;ZHAO Hongwei(Fengxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201499,China;Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China;School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市奉贤区疾病预防控制中心,上海201499 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336 [3]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2024年第12期1137-1142,共6页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025)重点学科项目(GWVI-11.1-09);上海市奉贤区科学技术委员会研究项目(20221429)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析2022—2023年上海市奉贤区急性呼吸道感染病原体的监测情况,了解该区的病原谱和流行病学特征。【方法】通过上海市急性呼吸道感染综合监测系统收集奉贤区中心医院的病例监测数据,采集2022年第50周~2023年第49周呼吸道标本开展25种病原体核酸检测、细菌培养检测;通过国家流感哨点监测系统收集奉贤区中心医院的病例监测数据,采集呼吸道标本开展5种病原体核酸检测。【结果】流感样病例(ILI)就诊百分比和严重急性呼吸道感染(SARI)病例就诊百分比分别为4.74%、0.81%,冬春季为流行高峰。共检测1610份病例样本,其中354例SARI病例年龄P25、P75分别为44岁、71岁,病原阳性检出率为48.31%;1256例ILI为年龄P25、P75分别为21岁、39岁,呼吸道感染综合监测的123例ILI样本,病原阳性检出率为65.04%,流感监测的1133例ILI样本,病原阳性检出率为66.11%。SARI病例样本中的流感和新型冠状病毒阳性率分别为12.99%、29.66%;ILI样本中的流感和新型冠状病毒阳性率分别为33.20%、31.53%,流感病毒集中于冬春两季。ILI和SARI病例分别在6~岁组、15~岁组的阳性率最高。【结论】上海市奉贤区的呼吸道感染病例的主要流行病原体为新型冠状病毒、流感病毒。要特别做好24岁以下人群的呼吸道疾病病原监测,同时要加强60岁以上人群SARI病例的监测。流感病毒和新型冠状病毒出现交替流行现象,与以往不同,需要改变以往的防控策略。[Objective]To analyze the surveillance status of acute respiratory tract infection pathogens in Fengxian District of Shanghai,and to determine the pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory tract infection in the district.[Methods]Case surveillance data from Fengxian Central Hospital were collected through the Shanghai Integrated Surveillance System for Acute Respiratory Infections,and respiratory specimens were collected from the 50th week of 2022 to the 49th week of 2023 for nucleic acid detection of 25 pathogens and bacterial culture testing.Case surveillance data from Fengxian Central Hospital were collected through the National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System,and respiratory specimens were collected for nucleic acid detection of 5 pathogens.[Results]The percentage seeking for medical visits of influenza-like illness(ILI)and severe acute respiratory infection(SARI)were 4.74%and 0.81%,respectively,with epidemic peaks in winter and spring.A total of 1610 samples were detected,among which 354 were SARI cases,whose age of P25 and P75 quartiles were 44 years and 71 years,respectively,with a positive detection rate of 48.31%.Among the 1256 ILI cases,the age of P25 and P75 quartiles were 21 years and 39 years,respectively.The positive detection rate of pathogens was 65.04%in 123 ILI cases under comprehensive surveillance of respiratory tract infection and 66.11%in 1133 ILI cases under influenza surveillance.The positive rates of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in SARI samples were 12.99%and 29.66%,respectively.The positive rates of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in ILI case samples were 33.20%and 31.53%,respectively.Influenza virus concentrated in the winter and spring.The ILI and SARI cases had the highest positivity rates in the 6‒14 years old group and 15‒24 years old group,respectively.[Conclusion]The main pathogens of respiratory tract infection in Fengxian District of Shanghai were SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.Special efforts should be made to monitor respiratory disease pathoge

关 键 词：严重急性呼吸道感染 流感样病例 监测 病原谱 流行病学特征 新型冠状病毒 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]