2022年上海市奉贤区新型冠状病毒核酸阳性者再感染风险及影响因素分析  

Analysis of the risk of reinfection and influencing factors of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test positive individuals in Fengxian District,Shanghai,2022

作　　者：施卫兴 秦萌[1] 张海兵 袁媛[1] 胡屹 刘清 刘才兄 方颖 SHI Weixing;QIN Meng;ZHANG Haibing;YUAN Yuan;HU Yi;LIU Qing;LIU Caixiong;FANG Ying(Fengxian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201499,China;Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市奉贤区疾病预防控制中心,上海201499 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室,上海200032

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2024年第12期1143-1147,共5页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市奉贤区科学技术委员会社会类科技发展基金项目(奉科20221419);上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025年)(GWⅥ-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过对2022年3—5月既往新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)核酸阳性者随访调查,了解阳性者于2022年12月—2023年1月的二次感染和三次感染情况及再感染的影响因素。【方法】分析2022年3—5月2583例SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性者流行病学资料,并于首次核酸阳性后第8个月和第12个月分别随访。采用Pearson卡方检验比较不同特征的首阳者二次感染和三次感染率的差异;采用生存分析Kaplan⁃Meier法和Cox回归分析再感染的影响因素。【结果】核酸阳性后第8个月回收有效问卷2264份,回收率87.7%,二次感染率9.7%;第12个月调查分析二阳者第三次感染情况,三次感染率4.6%。二次感染距首阳中位间隔时间(P25,P75)为261(252,268)d,三次感染距第二次感染中位间隔时间(P25,P75)为135(111,157)d。性别、年龄、职业、吸烟和饮酒以及基础性疾病与二次感染风险差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。医务人员三次感染率(20.0%)高于学生/教师(14.3%)和企事业员工三次感染率(9.5%),不同职业人员三次感染率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。职业中个体户再感染风险较企事业员工低(HR=0.52,95%CI:0.33~0.83),经性别和年龄调整后仍旧较低。有基础性疾病者二次感染的风险是无基础性疾病者的1.54倍(95%CI:1.08~2.02),经性别和年龄调整后是1.85倍(95%CI:1.25~2.75)。【结论】随着SARS-CoV-2的不断变异,二次感染和三次感染风险不可避免。有基础性疾病和所从事职业是影响二次感染或三次感染的主要因素。[Objective]To investigate reinfection or the third time infection with SARS-CoV-2 among the people tested for positive from December 2022 to January 2023 and the influencing factors through a follow-up survey on previous novel coronavirus nucleic acid positive individuals between March to May,2022.[Methods]Epidemiological data of 2583 novel coronavirus nucleic acid test positive cases were analyzed from March to May,2022,following a follow-up survey at the 8th and 12th month after the first nucleic acid test positivity.Pearson chisquare method was used to analyze the differences of reinfection and the third time infection rates among first-positive patients with different characteristics.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of reinfection.[Results]A total of 2264 valid questionnaires were collected in the 8th month after nucleic acid tested positive,with a recovery rate of 87.7%and a reinfection rate of 9.7%.The third time infection was investigated among the individuals infected twice at the 12th month after the first nucleic acid test positivity,with a third time infection rate of 4.6%.The median interval(P25,P75)between reinfection and the first nucleic acid test positive for the novel coronavirus was 261(252,268)days and the interval(P25,P75)between the third time infection and reinfection was 135(111,157)days.Gender,age,occupation,smoking,drinking and underlying diseases were not statistically associated with the risk of reinfection(P>0.05).However,the the third time infection rate for medical staffs(20.0%)was higher than that for student/teachers(14.3%)and corporate employees(9.5%),with a statistically significant difference in the third infection rate between different occupations(P<0.05).The risk of reinfection in self-employed individual was lower than that in corporate employees(HR=0.52,95%CI:0.33‒0.83),and which was still lower after adjustment for gender and age.The risk of reinfection among those with underlying diseases was 1.54 times(95%CI

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 再感染率 三次感染率 随访调查 

分 类 号：R18[医药卫生—流行病学]