2021—2023年苏州市住院患儿部分呼吸道病毒感染的流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory virus infection among hospitalized children in Suzhou City,2021‒2023

作　　者：赵旭 洪礼义[2] 高涵昌[1] 王清华 ZHAO Xu;HONG Liyi;GAO Hanchang;WANG Qinghua(Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215025,China;Children’s Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215008,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州市疾病预防控制中心,江苏苏州215025 [2]苏州大学附属儿童医院检验科,江苏苏州215008

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2024年第12期1163-1167,共5页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：苏州市科技发展项目(SYSD2015098)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析2021—2023年苏州市因急性呼吸道感染(ARTI)住院中儿童常见非细菌性病原体的分布特征,为儿童ARTI防治工作提供相应依据。【方法】回顾性选取2021年9月—2023年7月于苏州大学附属儿童医院内科病房治疗的ARTI住院患儿14953例,运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RTFQ⁃PCR)与毛细管电泳联用技术检测咽拭子标本中的13种呼吸道病原体,分析不同病原体的分布特征。【结果】ARTI住院患儿呼吸道病原体总体检出率为76.23%(11398/14953),其中单一感染检出率为75.10%(8560/11398),混合感染检出率为24.90%(2838/11398)。病原体检出率排名前3位的病原体依次为鼻病毒23.35%(3492/14953)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)19.53%(2920/14953)、肺炎支原体(MP)13.31%(1990/14953)。男童中人博卡病毒、鼻病毒检出率高于女童(P=0.008,P<0.01),但MP检出率低于女童(P<0.001)。年龄<1岁患儿RSV、CP检出率最高,1~岁患儿副流感病毒、人博卡病毒、鼻病毒、腺病毒、冠状病毒检出率最高,3~岁患儿甲型流感病毒、甲型H1N1流感病毒、甲型H3N2流感病毒、人偏肺病毒检出率最高;6~岁患儿乙型流感病毒、MP检出率最高。春季(3—5月)甲型流感病毒、甲型H1N1流感病毒、RSV检出率最高;夏季(6—8月)甲型H3N2流感病毒、MP检出率最高;秋季(9—11月)副流感病毒、人博卡病毒、鼻病毒、人偏肺病毒检出率最高;冬季(12—次年2月)乙型流感病毒检出率最高。不同疾病类型呼吸道病毒检出率不同(χ^(2)=220.280,P<0.001),差异有统计学意义。其中支气管炎、支气管肺炎患儿呼吸道病毒检出率较高,分别达79.15%和78.83%。支气管炎、支气管肺炎和重症肺炎患儿检出病原体最多的均是鼻病毒(42.71%、22.58%、23.19%)。【结论】苏州地区近年儿童呼吸道感染主要以病毒感染为主,其中鼻病毒、RSV、MP为主要感染病原体,呼吸道病原体检出率呈一定年龄、季节特征。[Objective]To analyze the distribution characteristics of common non-bacterial pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI)in Suzhou from 2021 to 2023,and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of children with ARTI.[Methods]A total of 14953 patients with ARTI admitted to the internal medicine ward of the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University from September 2021 to July 2023 were retrospectively selected.Multiple RTFQ-PCR and capillary electrophoresis were used to detect 13 respiratory pathogens from throat swab samples,and the pathogen distribution was analyzed.[Results]The total detection rate of respiratory virus in the 14953 hospitalized children with ARTI was 76.23%(11398/14953).Single infection accounted for 75.10%(8560/11398),while mixed infection accounted for 24.90%(2838/11398).The top three pathogens detected were rhinovirus(23.35%,3492/14953),respiratory syncytial virus(19.53%,2920/14953),and Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)(13.31%,1990/14953).The detection rate of human Bocavirus and rhinovirus were higher in boys than that in girls(P=0.008,P<0.001),while the detection rate of MP was higher in girls than that in boys(P<0.01).The detection rates of RSV and Chlamydia pneumoniae(CP)were the highest in children under 1 year of age.Parainfluenza virus human,Bocavirus,rhinovirus,adenovirus and coronavirus were most commonly detected in children aged between 1‒3 years.The detection rates of influenza A virus,influenza A(H1N1)virus,influenza A(H3N2)virus and metapenu⁃movirus were the highest in children aged between 3‒6 years.The detection rates of influenza B virus and MP were the highest in children older than 6 years.The detection rates of influenza A virus,influenza A(H1N1)virus and RSV were the highest in spring.The detection rates of influenza A(H3N2)virus and MP were the highest in summer.The detection rates of parainfluenza virus,human Bocavirus,rhinovirus and metapenu-movirus were the highest in autumn.The detection rate of influenza B virus was th

关 键 词：急性呼吸道感染 病原体 流行病学特征 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]