2017—2023年北京市通州区户籍婴儿死亡变化趋势及死因分析  

Trend and cause analysis of infant mortality from local household registration in Tongzhou District,Beijing,2017‒2023

作　　者：胡月 牛贺 鲍筝 HU Yue;NIU He;BAO Zheng(Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Beijing 101100,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市通州区妇幼保健院,北京101100

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2024年第12期1168-1173,共6页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：【目的】分析2017—2023年北京市通州区户籍婴儿死亡水平、变化趋势和死因,为制定相关政策,降低婴儿死亡率(IMR)提供科学依据。【方法】采用描述性流行病学方法分析2017—2023年106例户籍婴儿死因构成及顺位。使用χ^(2)检验比较组间率的差异,χ^(2)趋势检验分析相关指标的逐年变化趋势。【结果】2017—2023年通州区户籍IMR为1.87‰,占<5岁儿童死亡的比例为72.11%,IMR呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=6.734,P_(趋势)=0.009);早期新生儿占53.77%,早期新生儿死亡率为1.01‰,晚期新生儿死亡率呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=6.194,P_(趋势)=0.013);IMR男女性别比为1.25,女婴IMR呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=8.628,P_(趋势)=0.003)。死因分类顺位前3位分别为新生儿疾病、先天异常和肺炎,共占全死因的68.87%。3 d内死亡婴儿死因主要是新生儿疾病和先天异常,占3 d内全死因的92.31%;6~<12月龄婴儿以意外和肿瘤为主要死因,占50.00%。【结论】早期新生儿、极早产和极低出生体重儿是预防和减少婴儿死亡的重点关注人群。规范高危妊娠管理,探索高危胎儿预警评估与分级管理势在必行。[Objective]To analyze the level and trend of infant mortality rate(IMR)in Tongzhou from 2017 to 2023,and to provide a scientific basis for policies aimed at further reducing IMR.[Methods]A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the causes of death and their rankings for 106 infant deaths with locally registered household between 2017 and 2023 in Tongzhou District.Chi-square test was used to compare the differences between groups,and the chi-square trend test was applied to analyze the year-by-year trend of relevant indicators.[Results]From 2017 to 2023,the IMR in Tongzhou District was 1.87‰,accounting for 72.11%of the deaths among children under 5 years old.A downward trend in IMR was observed from 2017 to 2023(χ^(2)_(trend)=6.734,P_(trend)=0.009).Early neonatal deaths accounted for 53.77% all neonatal deaths,with an early neonatal mortality rate of 1.01‰.The late neonatal mortality rate showed a declining trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=6.194,P_(trend)=0.013).The IMR gender ratio of male to female was 1.25,and the IMR for females showed a declining trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=8.628,P_(trend)=0.003).The top three causes of death were neonatal diseases,congenital anomalies,and pneumonia,accounting for 68.87%of all deaths.Among infants who died within the first three days,the primary causes of death were neonatal diseases and congenital anomalies,accounting for 92.31% of all deaths within this time frame.For infants aged 6 to 12 months,accidents and tumors were the leading causes of death,accounting for 50.00%.[Conclusion]Early neonates,extremely premature infants,and very low birth weight infants are key groups for the prevention and reduction of infant mortality.It is crucial to standardize the management of high-risk pregnancies and explore the development of early warning assessments and graded management for high-risk fetuses.

关 键 词：婴儿 死亡率 死因 妊娠 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]