不同基质配比对地稔扦插苗生长的影响研究  

Effects of Different Substrate Ratios on Growth of Cutting Seedlings of Melastoma dodecandrum

作　　者：邱才飞[1] 邵彩虹[1] 陈霞[1] QIU Cai-fei;SHAO Cai-hong;CHEN Xia(Soil and Fertilizer&Resource and Environment Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nation Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Resource Utilization in Jiangxi,Nanchang 330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/江西省农业生态与资源利用重点实验室,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2025年第2期7-12,共6页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养专项(JXSNKYJCRC202409);南昌市果茶种质创新与利用重点实验室开放基金项目(NCSZDSYS202401);江西省重点研发计划项目(20203BBF63023);江西省中医药标准化研究项目(2021B06)。

摘　　要：为了筛选出适合地稔扦插苗生长的基质,提高地稔育苗的效率和成苗的质量,比较分析了不同基质理化性状和地稔扦插苗的成活率、茎叶生长量、叶片SPAD值、根系发生、根系活力、干物质量等指标,研究了不同基质配比对地稔扦插苗生长及成苗质量的影响。结果表明:从不同基质的理化性质显示,废白土调配基质(PF_(4)处理)的pH值、容重与田土(CK_(1))、肥∶土∶沙=1∶2∶2(PF_(1)处理)、肥∶土∶沙=2∶2∶1(PF_(2)处理)、肥∶土∶沙=1∶3∶1(PF_(3)处理)相比更低,但有机质、氮磷钾钙镁硅的含量较高,与商品扦插土(CK_(2))相比,各项指标较为接近;地稔扦插苗的生长情况表明,成苗率由大到小依次为PF_(4)>PF_(2)>CK_(2)>PF_(1)>PF_(3)>CK_(1),茎叶生长量中茎长、茎粗、分枝数、SPAD值、单叶面积、LAI、根系活力和干物质量均表现为PF_(4)>PF_(2)>CK_(2)>PF_(1)>PF_(3)>CK_(1)。综上,使用废白土调配基质的扦插苗成苗率高、根系质量好、生长迅速且较健壮,可作为地稔规模化育苗的专用基质,而有机肥∶田土∶河沙=2∶2∶1可作为一种方便、快捷、低成本的地稔育苗基质并加以利用。In order to screen out the suitable growth medium for cutting seedlings of Melastoma dodecandrum and improve the efficiency and quality of seedlings,the physical and chemical properties of different substrates and the indexes of survival rate,stem and leaf growth,leaf SPAD value,root genesis,root activity and dry matter quality were compared and analyzed,and the effects of different substrate proportion on the growth and seedling quality of Melastoma dodecandrum cutting seedlings were studied.The results showed that from the physical and chemical properties of the different substrates,the pH,bulk density of waste white soil mixture matrix(PF_(4)),fertilizer∶soil∶river sand=1∶2∶2(PF_(1)),fertilizer∶soil∶river sand=2∶2∶1(PF_(2))and fertilizer∶soil∶river sand=1∶3∶1(PF_(3))were lower compared with field soil(CK_(1)),but the contents of organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium and silicon were higher.Compared with commercial cuttings soil(CK_(2)),all indicators are close.The growth of cuttings showed that the seedling formation rate from large to small was PF_(4)>PF_(2)>CK_(2)>PF_(1)>PF_(3)>CK_(1).Stem length,stem diameter,number of branches,SPAD value,leaf area,LAI,root activity and dry matter were PF_(4)>PF_(2)>CK_(2)>PF_(1)>PF_(3)>CK_(1).In conclusion,the high seedling rate,good root quality,rapid growth and strong growth rate of Melastoma dodecandrum cuttings in PF_(4),which can be used as the special medium for the large-scale seedling raising of Melastoma dodecandrum,while PF_(2) can be used as a convenient,fast and low-cost substrate for Melastoma dodecandrum.

关 键 词：地稔 生长年限 养分需求 药效成分 

分 类 号：S793.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]