不同类型生物炭对绿地土壤理化性质和绣球花生长的影响  

Effects of Different Types of Biochar on Physical and Chemical Properties of Greenbelt Soil and Growth of Hydrangea macrophylla

作　　者：黄英梅 梁春梅 梁永鑫 许昌超 张俊涛 HUANG Ying-mei;LIANG Chun-mei;LIANG Yong-xin;XU Chang-chao;ZHANG Jun-tao(Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture/Guangzhou Collaborative Innovation Center on Science-tech of Ecology and Landscape,Guangzhou 510405,China;College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市林业和园林科学研究院/广州市生态园林科技协同创新中心,广东广州510405 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2025年第2期23-35,共13页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：广州市林业和园林局部门预算项目(202307130200、2061900000139);广州市科技计划项目“广州市生态园林科技协同创新中心”(202206010058)。

摘　　要：以酸碱指示植物绣球花为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,设置了桉树热解炭、桉树水热炭、樟树热解炭和樟树水热炭等4种生物炭处理,并设置了0%、0.2%和1.0%等3个添加水平,分析了生物炭对绿地土壤理化性质、绣球花生长指标及根系形态性状的影响。结果表明:生物炭处理使土壤电导率降低了2.2%~25.7%,有效磷和速效钾含量分别显著增加了21.0%~58.0%和52.8%~116.9%,脲酶活性提高了5.8%~57.3%,但对中性磷酸酶、淀粉酶和硝酸还原酶活性有一定的抑制作用。1.0%添加量生物炭显著提升了土壤总有机碳含量(增幅为49.1%~134.8%)。不同类型生物炭对土壤理化性质的影响不同,其中水热炭呈酸性,施加后可降低土壤pH值。0.2%添加量的桉树热解炭、水热炭及1.0%樟树水热炭处理的溶解性有机碳含量分别显著提高了31.2%、30.6%和50.0%,而桉树水热炭在2种添加水平及0.2%樟树热解炭处理的有机质含量显著增加了18.3%~57.6%。此外,添加生物炭还显著促进了绣球花的株高、生物量、叶绿素含量和根系形态的改善和养分累积。主成分分析显示,绣球花生长与土壤环境因子密切相关,施用生物炭显著增加了土壤有机质、有机碳、无机氮和速效养分含量,并优化了土壤酶活性和土壤结构,从而提升了绣球花的光合作用效能及其对养分的吸收与累积,此促进作用受生物炭的原料、制备方式及添加量的显著影响。The acid-base indicator plant Hydrangea macrophylla was taken as the research object.A pot experiment was conducted,and four types of biochar,including Eucalyptus pyrolysis charcoal,Eucalyptus hydrothermal charcoal,camphor pyrolysis charcoal,and camphor hydrothermal charcoal.Three addition levels(0%,0.2%and 1.0%)were set up to analyze the effects of biochar on the physical and chemical properties of green space soil,growth indicators and root morphological traits of Hydrangea macrophylla.The results showed that biochar treatment reduced the soil conductivity by 2.2%to 25.7%,the content of available phosphorus and available potassium significantly increased by 21.0%to 58.0%and 52.8%to 116.9%,and the urease activity increased by 5.8%to 57.3%,but it had a certain inhibitory effect on the activities of neutral phosphatase,amylase,and nitrate reductase.Adding 1.0%biochar significantly increased soil total organic carbon content(increased by 49.1%to 134.8%).Different types of biochar had different effects on soil physical and chemical properties.Hydrothermal carbon was acidic and significantly reduced soil pH after application.The dissolved organic carbon content of Eucalyptus pyrolytic carbon,hydrothermal carbon,and 1.0%camphor hydrothermal carbon significantly increased by 31.2%,30.6%,and 50.0%,respectively,while the organic matter content of Eucalyptus hydrothermal carbon added at two levels and 0.2%camphor pyrolysis carbon significantly increased by 18.3%to 57.6%.In addition,biochar significantly promoted the improvement of plant height,biomass,chlorophyll content,root morphology,and nutrient accumulation of Hydrangea macrophylla.Principal component analysis showed that the growth of Hydrangea macrophylla is closely related to soil environmental factors.Biochar application significantly increased the content of soil organic matter,organic carbon,inorganic nitrogen,and available nutrients,optimized soil enzyme activity and soil structure,thereby improved the photosynthetic capacity and nutrient accumulation effect o

关 键 词：绿化废弃物 生物炭 绿地土壤 绣球花 植物生长 环境因子 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]