核设施外部事件爆炸评价中的特征系数及其应用  

Characteristic Coefficient and Its Application in the Evaluation of External Nuclear Facility Explosions

作　　者：宋佳辰 郑平辉 SONG Jiachen;ZHENG Pinghui(China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]中国核电工程有限公司,北京100080

出　　处：《现代应用物理》2024年第6期76-79,共4页Modern Applied Physics

摘　　要：爆炸对公众和环境的潜在威胁很大,爆炸评价一直是各国研究的重点。在核设施安全审评过程中,对于外部爆炸源的常用评价方法—距离/超压关系式中的特征系数是否满足不同核电机型或者核设施厂房的设计基准参数一直存在争议。因此提出了特征系数在不同峰值超压下的选取方法。Kingery等根据实验结果给出的球形TNT炸药表面爆炸的横向冲击波绘制了特征系数以及对应峰值超压值的曲线图,根据曲线图可以得到不同峰值超压下对应的特征系数,进而计算出核设施在不同设计基准参数情况下的外部危险源爆炸距离。本文在仅已知外部危险源爆炸TNT当量及其与核设施的距离时推算出特征系数,并通过曲线图得到峰值超压值,与厂房的设计基准超压进行比较,当设计基准超压小于峰值超压值时,则需要对工程结构设计进行调整,以确保核设施的安全。Due to the significant potential threat of explosions to the public and the environment,the evaluation of explosions has always been a focus of research in many countries.In the review process of nuclear facility safety,there is controversy over whether the characteristic coefficients in the distance/overpressure relationship equation,a commonly used evaluation method for external explosion sources,meet the designed benchmark parameters of different nuclear power plant types or nuclear facility buildings.Therefore,a method for selecting characteristic coefficients under different peak overpressures is proposed.Kingery and Bulmash plotted the characteristic coefficients and corresponding overpressure values of the lateral shock wave of TNT spherical surface explosion based on experimental results.According to the curve graph,different characteristic coefficients corresponding to different peak overpressures can be obtained,and then the external hazard explosion distance of nuclear facilities under different design reference parameters can be calculated;When only the TNT equivalent of the external hazardous source explosion and its distance from the nuclear facility are known,the characteristic coefficient can be calculated,and the peak overpressure value can be obtained through the curve chart,which is compared with the designed benchmark overpressure of the plant.When the design benchmark overpressure is less than the peak overpressure value,the engineering structure design needs to be adjusted to ensure the safety of the nuclear facility.

关 键 词：爆炸 峰值超压 特征系数 TNT当量 核设施 

分 类 号：X928[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TL364[核科学技术—核技术及应用]