高空电磁脉冲辐照对大鼠肝脏、肾脏、肾上腺功能影响  

Effect of HEMP Irradiation on Liver,Kidney,and Adrenal Function in Rats

作　　者：杨海慧 卢晓云[1] 林艳云 郭宁 毛从光 周熠 尚森 YANG Haihui;LU Xiaoyun;LIN Yanyun;GUO Ning;MAO Congguang;ZHOU Yi;SHANG Sen(Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Educatio,School of Life Science and Technology,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;National Key laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect,Xi’an 710024,China;State Key laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,School of Electrical Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学生命科学与技术学院生物医学信息工程教育部重点实验室,西安710049 [2]强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应全国重点实验室,西安710024 [3]西安交通大学电气工程学院电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《现代应用物理》2024年第6期80-93,共14页Modern Applied Physics

基　　金：强脉冲辐射环境模拟与效应全国重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SKLIPR2110)。

摘　　要：高空电磁脉冲(high-altitude electromagnetic pulse,HEMP)电磁能量会对人体健康造成威胁,其生物效应备受公众关注,但目前相关生物效应研究还非常有限。针对HEMP生物安全性研究还不充分的问题,利用高空电磁脉冲模拟器对大鼠进行不同脉冲个数的辐照试验,研究了辐照对免疫系统、肝脏、肾脏、代谢系统和肾上腺内分泌功能的影响。结果表明,HEMP辐照导致大鼠中性粒细胞数目下降,免疫力减弱,累积暴露下肝脏、肾脏功能受损。代谢组学分析揭示了HEMP辐照显著改变了肝脏代谢物特征,紊乱了嘌呤代谢、磷酸甘油酯代谢、戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸转换、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢五条关键代谢通路。此外,辐照还诱发了应激反应,激活了下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴(HPA轴),但机体能在累积暴露后产生抵抗和适应。为HEMP电磁场的防护标准和安全限值制定提供了试验依据,并对评估特定环境下从业人员的健康风险具有参考价值。The high-altitude electromagnetic pulse(HEMP)has a threat to human health,and its biological effects have become a public concern.However,the research on the associated biological effects is currently very limited.In response to the insufficient research on the biosafety of HEMP,a HEMP simulator is used to irradiate rats with different numbers of pulses to study its effect on the immune system,liver,kidneys,metabolic system,and adrenal endocrine function.The results show that HEMP irradiation led to a decrease in the number of neutrophils in rats,weakened immunity,and impaired liver and kidney function under cumulative exposure.Metabolomics analysis indicate that HEMP irradiation significantly alter the metabolic characteristics of the liver,disrupting five key metabolic pathways:purine metabolism,phosphoglyceride metabolism,pentose and glucuronic acid conversion,arginine and proline metabolism,starch and sucrose metabolism.In addition,the stress response is induced and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis is activated,but the rats can develop resistance and adaptation after cumulative exposure.This study provides experimental evidence for the establishment of protection standards and safety limits for HEMP and has reference value for assessing the health risks of workers in specific environments.

关 键 词：高空电磁脉冲 辐照 肝肾损伤 免疫 代谢变化 

分 类 号：O441[理学—电磁学] TL99[理学—物理]