论数据监管权的规范配置  

On the Normative Configuration of the Right to Data Regulation

作　　者：廖嘉林 LIAO Jia-lin

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《河北学刊》2025年第2期216-224,共9页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2023年度中央财经大学“科教融合研究生学术新星孵化计划”项目(202331)。

摘　　要：数字时代下的公民数据权益侵害风险日益突出。个人数据的社会公共性和公权力的扩张性加剧了科学配置数据监管权的紧迫性及必要性。《网络数据安全管理条例》第47条规定国家数据管理部门统一的网络数据安全监管职责,有助于推动解决数据监管权过于分散的弊端。但是数据监管权的横向配置关系仍然笼统,纵向层面的数据监管权配置近乎空白,导致横向监管交叉重叠与纵向监管过于灵活。数据监管权的配置应遵循组织法的“任务—组织”思路,以数据监管任务的特殊性为依据,恪守“法理化”与权利让渡目的的价值准则。具言之,宜于横向层面强化网信部门的统筹协调功能,逐步将国家数据局塑造为专门的数据监管机构,并廓清其与网信部门、分业监管部门之间的关系;在纵向层面厘定数据监管权在不同层级政府之间所进行的分配,推进省级数据监管机构配置法治化,进而实现数据现代治理与良善监管。In the context of the digital age,the risk of infringement of citizens’data rights is becoming an increasingly prominent issue.The public nature of personal data and the expansive nature of public power have served to highlight the necessity for the implementation of scientific regulation of data rights.Article 47 of the Regulations on the Security Management of Online Data stipulates that the national data management department shall be responsible for the unified supervision of online data security.This will help to address the shortcomings of an overly decentralised system of data supervision.Nevertheless,the horizontal allocation of data supervision responsibilities remains the prevailing approach,while the vertical allocation is almost non-existent.This results in horizontal supervision overlapping and vertical supervision being too flexible.The configuration of data supervision organisations should be based on the“task-organisation”approach set out in organisational law,taking into account the specific nature of data supervision tasks.In addition,it is important to adhere to the value criteria of“legalisation”and the purpose of the transfer of rights.In other words,it would be prudent to reinforce the overall coordination function of the Cyberspace Administration Department at the horizontal level,gradually transform the National Data Bureau into a specialised data regulatory body and elucidate its relationship with the Cyberspace Administration Department and sector-specific regulatory authorities.It is necessary to determine data supervision rights at the vertical level among different levels of government and promote the rule of law in the configuration of provincial data regulatory agencies,thereby achieving sound data regulation.

关 键 词：数据监管权 数据安全 “任务—组织”思路 国家数据局 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学] D922.11[政治法律—法学]