二甲基亚砜助力实现可逆的无枝晶锌负极  

Dimethyl sulfoxide assists the realization of reversibledendrite-free zinc anodes

作　　者：涂欢 李小岗 薛宇韬 周虎[2] 孟春凤 袁爱华 TU Huan;LI Xiaogang;XUE Yutao;ZHOU Hu;MENG Chunfeng;YUAN Aihua(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212100,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212100,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学环境与化学工程学院,镇江212100 [2]江苏科技大学材料科学与工程学院,镇江212100

出　　处：《江苏科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期71-77,共7页Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：水系锌离子电池具有低成本和高安全性等优点,被认为是一种极具前途的储能设备.然而,水系锌离子电池的应用受锌负极不可逆性的限制,并存在锌枝晶、锌腐蚀和氢析出等问题.文中报道了一种简易策略抑制锌负极副反应的发生,提高了锌负极的可逆性.通过向电解液中引入二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)添加剂来改变锌离子的扩散行为,缩短锌离子的二维扩散时间.锌离子在三维空间内的快速扩散缩短了锌离子的“尖端效应”时间,抑制了电池在循环过程中锌枝晶的生长.由于DMSO的古德曼供体数高于H_(2)O,因此可以取代锌离子溶剂化鞘中的水,同时DMSO与H_(2)O之间也可以形成稳定的氢键以降低水的活性,抑制了析氢反应和锌负极的腐蚀,进而极大提升锌负极的可逆性.在20%DMSO电解液中,Zn∥Zn对称电池在1 mA·cm^(-2)电流密度下可稳定循环3000 h,Zn∥Cu半电池可稳定循环2100圈,Zn∥MnO_(2)全电池在2C电流密度下循环800圈后的比容量仍高达100 mA·h·g^(-1).该项工作为开发高性能水系锌离子电池提供了一种新策略.Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are considered to be promising energy storage devices in the future due to their low cost and high safety.However,the application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries is limited by the low reversibility of Zn anodes,Zn dendrite formation,Zn corrosion and H_(2)generation.A facile strategy is shown in this work to inhibit side reactions and improve the reversibility of zinc electrodes.By introducing dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)into the electrolyte,the diffusion behavior of zinc ions changes,where two-dimensional(2D)diffusion time of zinc ions is shortened.Meanwhile,zinc ions quickly enter the 3D diffusion stage,which shortens the"tip effect"time of zinc ions and effectively inhibits the growth of zinc dendrites during the cycle.Since the number of Goodman donors in DMSO is higher than that of H_(2)O,it can replace the water in the zinc ion solvation sheath,and a stable hydrogen bond can be formed between DMSO and H_(2)O to reduce the activity of water,inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction and the corrosion of the zinc anode,and then greatly improve the reversibility of the zinc anode.In the electrolyte with 20%DMSO,the Zn∥Zn symmetric battery can be stably cycled for 3000 h at a current density of 1 mA·cm^(-2),and the Zn∥Cu half-cell can work stably for 2100 cycles.After the Zn∥MnO_(2)full cell works for 800 times at a current density of 2C,the capacity of electrolyte with DMSO additives is still as high as 100 mA·h·g^(-1).This work provides a new strategy for developing high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

关 键 词：锌离子电池 枝晶 可逆性 二甲基亚砜 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学] TM912[理学—化学]