粤北山区梯田撂荒空间分异特征与影响机制分析  

Spatial differentiation characterization and impact mechanisms of terrace abandonment in mountainous areas of Northern Guangdong of China

作　　者：吴钊骏 李升发 李秀彬[3,4] 宋军 杜建会 黄康[2] 高子雅 许承祐 WU Zhaojun;LI Shengfa;LI Xiubin;SONG Jun;DU Jianhui;HUANG Kang;GAO Ziya;XU Chengyou(School of Geography and Remote Sensing,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangzhou Institute of Geography,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and GIS Application/Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application,Guangzhou 510070,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Modeling,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Geographic Science and Planning,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学地理科学与遥感学院,广州510006 [2]广东省科学院广州地理研究所,广东省遥感与地理信息系统应用重点实验室/广东省地理空间信息技术与应用公共实验室,广州510070 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州510275

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第1期278-287,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41930757);国家自然科学基金项目(41801101);广东省科学院发展专项资金项目(2020GDASYL-20200104005);广州大学研究生创新能力培养项目(JCCX2024-033)。

摘　　要：梯田是山区重要的耕地资源,但随着城镇化进程的推进,梯田撂荒现象愈发显著,揭示梯田撂荒的空间分异特征与影响机制能为山区梯田的可持续利用提供参考与借鉴。该研究构建分布特征指标体系,采用平均最近邻指数、独立样本T检验和二元logistics回归模型,基于土地边际化理论揭示梯田撂荒的分布特征、聚集模式、邻域效应与影响因素,并从“成本—收益”视角总结梯田撂荒的影响机制。结果表明:1)梯田撂荒具有明显的地形和区位梯度分布特征,坡度、高程和耕作高差越大,耕作距离、到最近道路距离越远,且离林地越近的梯田更容易遭到撂荒。2)耕作梯田与撂荒梯田的平均最近邻指数分别为0.295和0.349,两者均具有聚集特性,其中撂荒梯田的聚集程度较低。3)相较于撂荒坡耕地,撂荒梯田具有更强的邻域效应,在距撂荒地10m范围内梯田撂荒率超过60%。4)在地块尺度上,梯田是否撂荒受到梯田地块禀赋的影响,其中地形条件、耕作距离、形状指数等变量与梯田撂荒呈现正相关,梯田质量、地块连片度等变量与梯田撂荒呈现负相关。梯田撂荒的根本原因是城市化导致的农业务工成本上升,而梯田的地块禀赋会影响耕作的成本与收益进而促使农户做出撂荒决策,同时撂荒梯田的邻域效应将形成负反馈机制进一步促使梯田撂荒扩散。Terrace has been one of the most important cropland resources in the mountainous areas.But the terrace and cropland abandonment has been more significant issue in the process of marginalization with the advancement of urbanization in recent years.This study aims to reveal the spatial differentiation and influence mechanism of terrace abandonment for the sustainable use of terraces in mountainous areas.According to the perspective of cropland marginalization,an indicator system of distributional characteristics was constructed to explore the development of the terraces abandonment-prone areas.At the same time,the average nearest-neighbor index and the independent samples t-test were adopted to reveal the aggregation and neighborhood effect of terraces abandonment,respectively.Finally,the impact mechanism of terrace abandonment was obtained using a binary logistic regression from the‘cost-benefit’perspective.The results show that:1)Terraces were the most vulnerable to abandonment if the greater slope,difference in height from settlements,the distance from settlements,elevation and distance from the nearest road,except for the less distance from the terrace to the forested area.2)The terraces after abandonment shared the aggregation characteristics.The degree of aggregation was lower on the abandoned terraces than that on the ploughed terraces.The reason was that the cultivated terraces were required to centralize,in order to save as much labor cost as possible.The process of abandonment usually started with the most marginal terraces,which were more susceptible to the wildlife encroachment.3)Abandoned terraces shared the stronger neighborhood effect,compared with the abandoned sloping cropland.More influence was from the surrounding abandoned cropland.The impact of abandoned cropland on terrace abandonment generally occurred within a range of 100m.The abandoned terraces were tended to decrease and level off,when the range exceeded 100m.The strongest impact of abandoned cropland on terrace abandonment occurred i

关 键 词：土地边际化 梯田撂荒 分布特征 聚集特征 邻域效应 影响机制 粤北山区 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]