咸水灌溉下玉米耐盐阈值筛选及抗性分析  

The selection of salt tolerance threshold and resistance analysis of maize to different saline water irrigation

作　　者：汪倩 彭郭婧雯 薛心怡 王亚伦 张中皓 黄蕾 Wang Qian;Peng Guojingwen;Xue Xinyi;Wang Yalun;Zhang Zhonghao;Huang Lei(College of Agronomy and Resources Environment,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300392,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津300392

出　　处：《天津农学院学报》2025年第1期13-18,共6页Journal of Tianjin Agricultural University

基　　金：天津市大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310061141);天津市科技计划项目(23ZYCGSN00480);国家自然科学基金(31701378)。

摘　　要：为明确咸水对玉米萌发及生长的影响,合理开发利用咸水资源进行农田灌溉提供技术支撑,本试验选用籽粒玉米(‘京农科728’)和青贮玉米(‘金岭327’)作为试验材料,发芽试验设置矿化度分别为0(CK)、2、3、4、5、6、7、8 g/L咸水处理,盆栽试验设置矿化度分别为0(CK)、2、3、4、5、6 g/L咸水处理,测定种子萌发及植株生长对咸水处理的响应。结果表明:微咸水(矿化度2~5 g/L)处理对玉米种子发芽无明显抑制,高矿化度(≥6 g/L)咸水处理延缓了‘京农科728’种子萌发进程,对‘京农科728’和‘金岭327’种子发芽率有明显抑制。盆栽条件下,与CK相比,矿化度2 g/L咸水灌溉对株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、叶面积的抑制作用较弱,‘金岭327’的鲜质量和干质量分别降低了38.92%和44.05%。低矿化度(≤3 g/L)咸水灌溉下,叶夹角减小,SPAD值增大,而高矿化度(≥4 g/L)咸水灌溉降低了叶片SPAD值,叶夹角增大;矿化度≥3 g/L时,‘京农科728’地上部鲜质量和干质量显著降低了35.90%~80.09%和28.98%~71.50%,‘金岭327’的地上部鲜质量和干质量显著降低了31.56%~86.32%和56.30%~84.31%。综合分析表明,玉米种子发芽的耐盐阈值为0~6 g/L,玉米田咸水灌溉的安全阈值为3 g/L以下。This study aims to clarify the effects of saline water on maize germination and provide technical support for the rational utilization of saline water resources for agricultural irrigation.With the grain and silage maize as test materials,different mineralization(0,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 g/L)saline water treatments were set in germination experiment,and different mineralization(0,2,3,4,5,6 g/L)saline water treatments were set in pot experiment to determine the responses of seed germination and plant growth to saline water.The results showed that no significant restriction was detected on seed germination under low mineralization(2-5 g/L)saline water treatments.High mineralization saline water delayed the germination process of‘Jingnongke 728’,and obviously inhibited germination rate of‘Jingnongke 728’and‘Jinling 327’.2 g/L saline water irrigation had a lower inhibitory effect on the height,stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width and leaf area of maize plants,but the fresh and dry weight of‘Jinling 327’significantly decreased by 38.92%and 44.05%,respectively.Under the irrigation of low mineralization saline water,the leaf angle decreased,but SPAD value increased,and the opposite trend was detected under high mineralization saline water irrigation.When the mineralization of saline water higher than 3 g/L,the fresh and dry weight of‘Jingnongke 728’decreased by 35.90%-80.09%and 28.98%-71.50%,the fresh and dry weight of‘Jinling 327’decreased by 31.56%-86.32%and 56.30%-84.31%.Comprehensive analysis showed that the salt tolerance threshold of seed germination was 0-6 g/L,and the safety threshold of saline water irrigation was less than 3 g/L.

关 键 词：玉米 矿化度 咸水 萌发 耐盐阈值 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]